{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:31:03Z","timestamp":1771666263852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>background\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined by cessation of ovarian function after puberty and before the age of 40. The syndrome is characterized by amenorrhoea, oestrogen deficiency and elevated levels of gonadotrophins. Autoimmunity has been proposed as a mechanism for some cases of destruction or malfunction of ovarian follicles. POF is often associated with type\u00a0I and type\u00a0II polyglandular autoimmune syndromes. It has also been postulated that receptors such as the LH and FSH receptors might become targets for blocking antibodies and such antibodies could be a cause of ovarian failure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>patients and methods\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> Sixty\u2010nine patients with POF isolated or associated with other endocrine autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thyroid diseases, Addison's disease, type\u00a01 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis) were studied. All the patients had secondary amenorrhoea. The patient group had a median age of 33\u00b71\u00a0years (range 15\u201357). Ovarian failure had been diagnosed at a median age of 29\u00a0years (range 15\u201339). The median time since diagnosis was almost 1\u00a0year but in six patients gonadal insufficiency had appeared 10\u201330\u00a0years earlier. All had a normal chromosomal karyotype (46, XX). Patients with POF were characterized by duration of amenorrhoea &gt;\u00a01\u00a0year, with elevated FSH and LH levels and undetectable or low oestrogen levels. Cell lines stably expressing recombinant human LH (CHO\u2010LHr) and FSH (CHO\u2010FSHr) receptors were prepared and used to search for antibodies able to inhibit LH\u2010 or FSH\u2010stimulated cAMP production. Immunoglobulins extracted from sera of patients with POF were incubated with CHO\u2010LHr and CHO\u2010FSHr in the presence of human recombinant CG and FSH, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>results and conclusions\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> None of the immunoglobulin\u00a0G (IgG) preparations from patients with POF was able to inhibit the activity of the FSH\u2010 and CG\u2010stimulated cAMP production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02107.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T09:49:22Z","timestamp":1094204962000},"page":"376-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gonadotrophin receptor blocking antibodies measured by the use of cell lines stably expressing human gonadotrophin receptors are not detectable in women with 46,XX premature ovarian failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Tonacchera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Ferrarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Dimida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Agretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"De Servi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Gianetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Chiovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Pucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara Dal","family":"Pra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Betterle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Aghini\u2010Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Pinchera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.3.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"A search for antibodies to luteinizing hormone receptors in premature ovarian failure","volume":"54","author":"Austin G.E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.3.0466","article-title":"Autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes: autoantibodies, autoantigens, and their applicability in diagnosis and disease prediction","volume":"23","author":"Betterle C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrine Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01384-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-54-6-1221"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347782"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"pp","volume-title":"Endocrinology and Diabetes","author":"Conway G.S.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1480565"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289594a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.18.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.11.1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.19.6.673"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500381"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-2-360"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.76.2.499"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2265.2004.02107.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02107.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T18:25:51Z","timestamp":1697221551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02107.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02107.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02107.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}