{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:41:32Z","timestamp":1774716092514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]],"date-time":"2004-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> Little is known of the long\u2010term effects of GH replacement therapy on muscle strength in elderly adults with adult onset GH deficiency (GHD). In this study, the effects of 5\u00a0years of GH replacement therapy on muscle function were determined in adults over 60\u00a0years of age with adult onset GHD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> A prospective, open\u2010label, single\u2010centre study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients\u2002<\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010six (12 male and 14 female) consecutive hypopituitary adults with adult onset GHD, mean age 65\u00b70 (range 61\u201374) years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2002<\/jats:bold> Upper leg muscle strength was measured using a Kin\u2010Com dynamometer. Right and left handgrip strength were measured using an electronic grip force instrument.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The mean insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010I (IGF\u2010I) SD score increased from \u22121\u00b710 at baseline to 1\u00b721 at end of the study. Body weight was unchanged during the 5\u2010year study. A sustained increase in lean body mass and a sustained reduction of body fat was observed as measured using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The GH replacement therapy induced a sustained increase in isometric (60\u00b0) knee flexor strength. After statistical correction for age and sex variables using observed\/predicted value ratios, a sustained increase was also observed in concentric knee flexor strength at an angular velocity of 60\u00b0\/s, concentric knee extensor strength at 60\u00b0\/s and 180\u00b0\/s, and peak right handgrip strength. At baseline, knee flexor strength was 90\u201396% of predicted, knee extensor strength was 85\u201387% of predicted, and hand\u2010grip strength was 74\u201380% of predicted values. At study end, knee flexor strength was 98\u2013106% of predicted, knee extensor strength was 90\u2013100% of predicted, and hand\u2010grip strength was 80\u201387% of predicted values.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Elderly patients with adult onset GH deficiency had decreased baseline muscle strength also after correction for age and sex. The 5\u2010year GH replacement therapy normalized knee flexor strength and improved, but did not fully normalize, knee extensor strength and handgrip strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02181.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,6]],"date-time":"2005-01-06T09:40:52Z","timestamp":1105004452000},"page":"105-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The effects of five\u2010year growth hormone replacement therapy on muscle strength in elderly hypopituitary patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Galina","family":"G\u00f6therstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bengt\u2010\u00c5ke","family":"Bengtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina Stibrant","family":"Sunnerhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gudmundur","family":"Johannsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.2.4594","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency in adulthood and the effects of growth hormone replacement: a review. 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