{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T20:18:23Z","timestamp":1722975503683},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,16]],"date-time":"2006-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy associated with a dismal prognosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen\u2010presenting cells leading to an antitumour immune response. The aim of this study was to elaborate two methods of antigen delivery to DCs and to evaluate an immunotherapy protocol in ACC patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\/patients\u2002<\/jats:bold> Autologous DCs were pulsed with autologous tumour lysate (TL). Fusion of DCs with tumour cells was based on a polyethylene glycol method. Two patients with metastasized hypersecretory ACC were vaccinated twice.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> data were quantified by measurement of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) responses and cytokine secretion and by flow cytometry analyses. Clinical response was monitored by CT scan of tumour mass and measurement of angiogenic factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The maximum loading of TL was obtained at 24\u00a0h as 48\u00b72% (\u00b1\u00a026\u00b78%) of DCs were TL\u2010positive. The DC\/tumour cell fusion efficacy was \u223c45% as shown by double positive staining for ACTH receptor and DC\u2010specific CD83. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> DC vaccination resulted in positive delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity skin reactions reflecting specific memory T\u2010lymphocyte reaction. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> analyses revealed specific T\u2010cell proliferation in patient 1 (stimulation index: 5\u00b77 compared to pretreatment) and induction of cytotoxic granzyme B secreting T cells in patient 2 (0\u00b741% CD8 + cells <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 0\u00b706% pretreatment) as indicators of specific cytotoxic T cells. Although angiogenic serum markers could be stabilized, no impact on tumour growth could be observed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our data demonstrate that autologous dendritic cells induce antigen\u2010specific Th1 immunity in adrenocortical carcinoma. The clinical outcome, however, was not improved in the patients studied here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02576.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,16]],"date-time":"2006-06-16T10:22:26Z","timestamp":1150453346000},"page":"215-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dendritic cells as potential adjuvant for immunotherapy in adrenocortical carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Papewalis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Fassnacht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger 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