{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:03:53Z","timestamp":1792029833772,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary factors (calcium, proteins, alcohol, coffee and tea intake), exercise, sunlight exposure and immobilization on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in young men.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients and measurements\u2002<\/jats:bold> We examined a group of 300 healthy men, aged 18\u201330. Mean weight was 80\u201081\u00a0kg (53\u2013125\u00a0kg range) and height 179\u00a0cm (160\u2013195\u00a0cm range). Distal BMC (dBMC), distal BMD (dBMD) and ultradistal BMD (udBMD) at the radius were measured by single X\u2010ray absorptiometry (Osteometer DTX). The data concerning lifestyle factors were obtained through a questionnaire. The 300 men were divided in four groups according to calcium intake, four groups taking into account protein and three groups alcohol intake. There also were five groups of exercise level, six groups of sun exposure and two groups of duration of immobilization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the group with the lowest levels of calcium intake (&lt;\u00a0400\u00a0mg\/day), dBMD and udBMD were lower than in the other groups of calcium intake (<jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00\u00b7002). dBMC and udBMD were lower (<jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00\u00b7043 and 0\u00b7015, respectively) in subjects with low physical activity (&lt;\u00a02\u00a0h\/week), whereas dBMC and udBMD were higher (<jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00\u00b70005) in subjects with frequent sun exposure (group labelled \u2018very often\u2019). Multiple regression analysis on bone mineral density of the forearm showed that, calcium intake, exercise and sunlight were also independent predictors of bone mass. No significant correlation between the other examined factors and BMD or BMC was detected.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Calcium intake, exercise level and sun exposure showed a statistically significant correlation with distal BMD and BMC in young adult men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02581.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T15:14:24Z","timestamp":1151075664000},"page":"234-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Lifestyle factors and forearm bone density in young Greek men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Kyriazopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Trovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Charopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Antonogiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Galanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Lyritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","unstructured":"WHO Technical Report Series(1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: Report of a World Health Organization Study Group. 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