{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:18:06Z","timestamp":1789010286113,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> Autoimmune targeting of hypothalamic\u2010neurohypophyseal structures in children and young adults with posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary dysfunction, as well as pituitary stalk involvement, are not yet completely understood.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> We aimed to (1) evaluate the presence of circulating vasopressin\u2010cell autoantibodies (AVPc\u2010Abs) in young patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI), (2) detect organ\u2010specific autoantibodies as markers of autoimmunity, and (3) define the relationship between immune markers and neuroimaging findings.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients\u2002<\/jats:bold> Twenty patients were evaluated at a median age of 16\u00b73\u00a0years. Twelve patients had idiopathic CDI, six had Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and two had germinoma. AVPc\u2010Abs were evaluated in 40 healthy children. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary region was performed longitudinally in all subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2002<\/jats:bold> Circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP), protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA2), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), 21\u2010hydroxylase (21\u2010OH), endomysium antibodies (EMA), parietal cell (PCA), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG) and TSH\u2010receptor (TSHr) autoantibodies were evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Circulating AVPc\u2010Abs were found in 15 patients (75%), nine with idiopathic CDI, four with LCH and two with germinoma; the pituitary stalk was involved in most of them. Five patients with idiopathic CDI showed a persistence of AVPc\u2010Abs during follow\u2010up and one became positive subsequently. Serum IA2 autoantibodies were demonstrated in 14 patients (70%) and 21\u2010OH autoantibodies in three of them.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> In idiopathic CDI, circulating AVPc\u2010Abs suggest an autoimmune involvement of the neurohypophyseal system. The identification of AVPc\u2010Abs in subjects who could have either idiopathic CDI or LCH or germinoma, however, indicates that AVPc\u2010Abs cannot be considered a completely reliable marker of autoimmune CDI. Thus, close clinical and MRI follow\u2010up are needed because AVPc\u2010Abs may mask germinoma or LCH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02616.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T20:13:03Z","timestamp":1153253583000},"page":"470-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Idiopathic central diabetes insipidus in children and young adults is commonly associated with vasopressin\u2010cell antibodies and markers of autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Maghnie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ghirardello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"De Bellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascia","family":"Di 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