{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:32:43Z","timestamp":1761561163254},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]],"date-time":"2007-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1176595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2003<\/jats:bold> Circulating oestradiol and testosterone, which have been shown to increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected patients following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), may influence fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. Oestradiol increases subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans possibly through binding to oestrogen\u2010receptor\u2010\u03b1, which in turn activates anti\u2010lipolytic \u03b12A\u2010adrenergic\u2010receptor.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design and methods\u2003<\/jats:bold> To address these issues circulating pituitary\u2013gonadal\u2013axis hormones and gene expression of receptors in subcutaneous adipose tissue were determined in 31 nondiabetic HIV\u2010infected male patients receiving HAART (16 with lipodystrophy), in whom measures of fat distribution (CT and DEXA\u2010scans) and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) were available.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold> Total and free oestradiol and testosterone were decreased in lipodystrophic patients compared to nonlipodystrophic patients, whereas luteinizing hormone, follicle\u2010stimulating hormone and prolactin were similar and normal in both study groups. Ratio of subcutaneous to total abdominal fat mass, limb fat, and insulin sensitivity, which were all decreased in lipodystrophic patients, correlated positively with both plasma oestradiol and testosterone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a031). Glycerol concentration during clamp (a marker of lipolysis) correlated inversely with expression of \u03b12A\u2010adrenergic\u2010receptor, ratio of subcutaneous to total abdominal fat mass, and limb fat, respectively. Expression of \u03b12A\u2010adrenergic\u2010receptor correlated positively with expression of oestrogen\u2010receptor\u2010\u03b1.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> The results fit the hypothesis that sex hormones play a role in altered fat distribution and insulin sensitivity of male patients with HIV\u2010lipodystrophy. The effect of oestradiol on the subcutaneous fat depot and lipolysis may be mediated in part through binding to the oestrogen\u2010receptor\u2010\u03b1, in turn activating anti\u2010lipolytic \u03b12A\u2010adrenergic\u2010receptor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02872.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T11:23:43Z","timestamp":1180092223000},"page":"250-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Circulating sex hormones and gene expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue oestrogen and alpha\u2010adrenergic receptors in HIV\u2010lipodystrophy: implications for fat distribution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ove","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steen 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