{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:02:14Z","timestamp":1767844934231,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,26]],"date-time":"2007-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> The reported data on thyroid function and anti\u2010thyroid autoantibodies in adults with untreated hepatitis\u00a0C virus (HCV) infection are controversial. Data are scarce for HCV\u2010infected children, and only in those treated with interferon\u2010\u03b1 (IFN\u2010\u03b1). We investigated thyroid function and anti\u2010thyroid autoantibodies in a cohort of untreated children with vertically acquired, chronic, HCV infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design and patients\u2002<\/jats:bold> FT4 and TSH serum levels (measured by immunometric assays) and anti\u2010thyroglobulin (TgA) and anti\u2010thyroperoxidase (TPOA) antibodies (evaluated by fluorescence enzymatic immunoassays) were studied in 36 consecutive HCV\u2010infected children and 150 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls. The prevalence of thyroid involvement was also related to family history of autoimmune disease, distribution of HCV genotypes, and duration and activity of HCV infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Four out of 36\u00a0(11\u00b71%) HCV\u2010infected children and 4\/150 controls (2\u00b77%) showed subclinical hypothyroidism [<jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00\u00b704; relative risk (RR) 4\u00b756, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1\u00b708\u201319\u00b721]. None of these had anti\u2010thyroid autoantibodies. Two out of 36\u00a0(5\u00b76%) HCV\u2010infected children and 1\/150\u00a0(0\u00b77%) controls had increased TgA values with normal levels of TSH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00\u00b705). Subclinical hypothyroidism and anti\u2010thyroid autoantibodies were not related to family history of autoimmune disease, duration of infection, HCV viral load, liver function or different HCV genotype distribution, but seemed to be related to the presence of active HCV infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our data suggest a role for HCV infection in the development of nonautoimmune thyroid disease in untreated HCV\u2010infected children, confirming previous studies in adults. Clinicians should be aware of thyroid dysfunction even in untreated children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03009.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,16]],"date-time":"2007-08-16T14:14:59Z","timestamp":1187273699000},"page":"117-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Thyroid function and anti\u2010thyroid autoantibodies in untreated children with vertically acquired chronic hepatitis C virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Indolfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Stagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bartolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Salti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"De Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Azzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Resti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-006-0064-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000192080.56808.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.96.10.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.751768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.13.1445"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322238809"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80228-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i36.5787"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00217-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20640"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1992.2.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","first-page":"277","article-title":"Thyroid function, autoimmune thyroiditis and coeliac disease in juvenile connective tissue diseases","volume":"23","author":"Stagi S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh531"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Hepatology. 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