{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:54:12Z","timestamp":1787014452659,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]],"date-time":"2012-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Impaired gallbladder (GB) emptying is a well\u2010documented contributor to gallstone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate GB motility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study population consisted of 36 PCOS patients and 20 healthy controls. GB volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula (\u03c0\/6\u2003\u00d7\u2003\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003\u00d7\u2003\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003\u00d7\u2003\n                    <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) after three\u2010dimensional measurements were made by ultrasound [length (\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), width (\n                    <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and depth (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    )]. Following the determination of fasting GB volume (V0), patients were given a standard liquid meal. GB volume measurement was then repeated after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75 and 90\u2003min. Gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was calculated after each measurement. PCOS patients were re\u2010evaluated after a 12\u2010week course of metformin therapy at a dose of 1000\u2003mg\/day.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mean baseline GB volume (V0) was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (27\u00b72\u2003\u00b1\u200312\u00b75\u2003cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                    13\u00b73\u2003\u00b1\u20037\u00b70\u2003cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b7001). While baseline GBEF values were similar between groups, increases in GBEF were significantly lower in the PCOS group starting from 20\u2003min after consumption of a standard test meal. A 12\u2010week course of metformin therapy resulted in significant improvements in GB volume and GBEF values with a reversal of metabolic and hormonal abnormalities.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    For the first time in the literature, we managed to demonstrate impaired GB motility in patients with PCOS. Metformin therapy not only improves the metabolic and hormonal imbalances associated with PCOS but also has a positive influence on GB motility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04210.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1314823945000},"page":"373-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Impaired gallbladder motility and the effect of metformin therapy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Serhat","family":"Isik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice N.","family":"Ozcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ufuk","family":"Ozuguz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Berker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Tutuncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulhan","family":"Akbaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114728"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529009095495"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1996.148287.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00531-8","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of gallstone disease","volume":"20","author":"Diehl A.K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018849911355"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310206"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310238"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.11.6148"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.145.5.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90487-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.014s2039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040469"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199603000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870190604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Gallbladder motility in healthy volunteers: effects of age, gender, body mass index, and hair color","volume":"50","author":"Lock G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00098-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"Reproducibility of the ultrasound method for measurement of gallbladder volume","volume":"51","author":"Dami\u00e3o A.O.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Revista do Hospital das Clinicas; 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