{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:54:15Z","timestamp":1791568455204,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> Country\u2010wide evaluation of thyroid disorders in school children following two decades of universal salt iodization (USI) has not been carried out till date. This study was planned with aim to assess thyroid status of school children two decades after the launch of USI programme.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> Population survey.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients\u2002<\/jats:bold> We collected data from 25 schools in 19 cities across five different geographical zones of India. Those children who were evaluated for anthropometry, and goitre status by palpation formed \u2018total population\u2019. Children who consented to give blood samples were defined as \u2018study population\u2019.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2002<\/jats:bold> Serum free T3, free T4, TSH, anti\u2010TPO antibody and thyroid ultrasound.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 38\u2003961 children aged 5\u201315\u2003years formed total population. Goitre rate was 15\u00b75% while thyroid hypoechogenicity was found in 4404 (11\u00b73%) children. In the study population (13\u2003790 children), 2258 (16\u00b74%) had goitre, 505 (3\u00b77%) had positive anti\u2010TPO antibody titres, 1001 (7\u00b73%) had hypothyroidism (TSH\u2003&gt;\u20035\u00b72\u2003\u03bcIU\/ml) and 41 (0\u00b73%) had thyrotoxicosis (TSH\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b71\u2003\u03bcIU\/ml). Among goitrous children, 203 (9\u00b70%) had anti\u2010TPO positivity, 365 (16\u00b71%) had hypoechogenicity of thyroid and either of these were present in 488 (21\u00b76%) children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Endemic goitre in school children persisted nationwide, despite more than two decades of USI programme. Thyroid autoimmunity only partially explains the increase in goitre prevalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04307.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T02:45:39Z","timestamp":1323139539000},"page":"905-910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Thyroid status two decades after salt iodization: country\u2010wide data in school children from India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Raman K.","family":"Marwaha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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