{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T12:29:10Z","timestamp":1791030550539,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of the antithyroid drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>s) thiamazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMI<\/jats:styled-content>) and propylthiouracil (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTU<\/jats:styled-content>) is associated with a high frequency of side effects. When patients experience side effects with one (the 1st) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>, it is usually discontinued and another is administered (the 2nd <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>). We investigated side effects associated with the 1st and 2nd <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred forty\u2010nine patients with untreated Graves' disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GD<\/jats:styled-content>) were randomly assigned to three groups according to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content> type and\/or dosage: 15\u00a0mg\/day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMI<\/jats:styled-content>, 30\u00a0mg\/day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMI<\/jats:styled-content> and 300\u00a0mg\/day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTU<\/jats:styled-content>. The type, frequency and onset of side effects were assessed. We also studied the side effects associated with the 2nd <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content> after cessation of the 1st <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous reactions, liver dysfunction and other side effects were examined every 2\u00a0weeks after starting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content> administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall frequency of side effects in patients taking 15\u00a0mg\/day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMI<\/jats:styled-content> was low. The frequencies of cutaneous reactions in patients taking 30\u00a0mg\/day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMI<\/jats:styled-content> and hepatotoxicity in those taking 300\u00a0mg\/day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTU<\/jats:styled-content> were high. Hepatotoxicity developed later than cutaneous reactions with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTU<\/jats:styled-content>. Hepatotoxicity developed earlier in the 30\u00a0mg\/day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMI<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the other two groups. The frequency of side effects did not differ between the 2nd and 1st <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>s. Hepatotoxicity occurred at a higher frequency in patients who were switched from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMI<\/jats:styled-content> to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTU<\/jats:styled-content> because of hepatotoxicity of the former.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Attention to the onset times of side effects and cross\u2010reactivity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>s can lead to safer treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04365.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T15:27:19Z","timestamp":1329233239000},"page":"310-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Hepatotoxicity and cutaneous reactions after antithyroid drug administration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ito Hospital Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeduk Y.","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ito Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiko","family":"Chino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ito Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeko","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ito Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Mukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ito Hospital Tokyo 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