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Nephrolithiasis and bone loss leading to an increased risk of fracture are generally accepted complications of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHPT<\/jats:styled-content>. Some epidemiological studies report associations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHPT<\/jats:styled-content> and a wide range of common diseases, but these relationships may be confounded by the increased body weight observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHPT<\/jats:styled-content>. Because there is a dearth of controlled clinical trial evidence in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHPT<\/jats:styled-content>, optimal management is controversial. For individuals with mild stable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHPT<\/jats:styled-content>, low fracture risk and no renal stones, observation without intervention is reasonable. Surgical treatment is clearly indicated for patients at risk of severe hypercalcaemia or with nephrolithiasis. For individuals with increased risk of fracture, antiresorptive therapies improve bone mineral density to a similar degree to surgical treatment. Calcimimetic agents may have a role in managing patients with symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHPT<\/jats:styled-content> who cannot undergo, or fail, surgical treatment. There is a need for additional randomized clinical trials to inform management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHPT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04501.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,14]],"date-time":"2012-07-14T07:53:59Z","timestamp":1342252439000},"page":"639-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nonsurgical management of mild primary hyperparathyroidism \u2013 a reasonable option"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Grey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60507-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Prospective 10\u2010year study of 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