{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T10:12:57Z","timestamp":1767262377311},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]],"date-time":"2007-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The smear technique is challenging for a neuropathologist where rapid and accurate diagnosis is to be given on small biopsies. The present study, a large retrospective analysis of squash smears in neurosurgical practice, was conducted to assess the usefulness, accuracy and the diagnostic pitfalls of smear diagnosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The authors analysed 3057 central nervous system (CNS) lesions sent for intraoperative cytology (IC) during the years 1988\u20132005. The stain used was 1% alcoholic toluidine blue. The smear diagnosis was compared with the histological diagnosis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Diagnostic accuracy irrespective of lesion and site ranged from 83.0% to 86.0% per year (mean=85%). The highest rate of correlation among common brain tumours was noted in schwannoma (96.6%) and pituitary adenoma (92.2%), followed by meningiomas (88.9%), astrocytomas (88.4%), chordomas (86.4%) and neurocytomas (86.9%). Infections as a whole contributed 380 cases. The most common infection was tuberculosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This is the largest series reported from India to the best of our knowledge. Squash smear technique is a very reliable and rapid method of intraoperative diagnosis. Knowledge of clinical and neuroimaging details helps the experienced neuropathologist to improve the diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2007.00484.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]],"date-time":"2007-08-08T10:52:19Z","timestamp":1186570339000},"page":"300-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Intraoperative cytology (squash smear) in neurosurgical practice \u2013 pitfalls in diagnosis experience based on 3057 samples from a single institution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Goel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. R.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Uppin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Prayaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. K.","family":"Panigrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Purohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326973"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis in central nervous system tumors: report of 1315 cases","volume":"49","author":"Regragui A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"569","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of squash (smear) technique in the inflammatory lesions of central nervous system","volume":"46","author":"Sundaram C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"152","article-title":"Role of squash\u2010smear technique for rapid diagnosis of neurosurgical biopsies \u2013 a cytomorphological evaluation","volume":"32","author":"Asha T","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","volume-title":"Brain Biopsy \u2013 The Smear Technique for Neurosurgical Biopsies. Biopsy Pathology Series","author":"Adams JH","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of CNS tumors by smear technique","volume":"40","author":"Shah AB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Smear diagnosis of central nervous system lesions: a critical appraisal","volume":"46","author":"Chacko G","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331161"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326579"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00675-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-004-1385-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.3.0454"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860901)58:5<1117::AID-CNCR2820580523>3.0.CO;2-U"}],"container-title":["Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2303.2007.00484.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2007.00484.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T13:16:49Z","timestamp":1697203009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2007.00484.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2007.00484.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2007.00484.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5507","1365-2303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5507","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]]}}}