{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T14:56:48Z","timestamp":1776351408461,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold>To determine the prevalence of high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HR\u2010HPV) 16\/18 infection of uterine cervix among women in the reproductive age group, with cytologically normal cervical (Pap) smears; to analyse the risk factors for HR\u2010HPV acquisition and to address their implications for cervical cancer screening and prophylaxis in a low resource setting.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Cervical samples from 769 cytologically negative women (age 18\u201345\u2003years) attending a tertiary care centre in Delhi were subjected to HPV DNA testing and HR\u2010HPV 16\/18 and low\u2010risk (LR)\u2010HPV 6\/11 sub\u2010typing by polymerase chain reaction. Univariate risk factor analysis was carried out in HR\u2010HPV positive (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200386) versus HR\u2010HPV negative women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003683) by chi\u2010square test.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>The overall HPV prevalence among cytologically normal women was 16.6%. HR\u2010HPV16 was detected in 10.1%, whereas HPV18 was detected in 1% of women. HR\u2010HPV 16\/18 comprised 67% of the total HPV positives. There was no decline in HR\u2010HPV positivity with age, and women aged 40\u201344\u2003years were at significantly increased risk for HR\u2010HPV prevalence (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.03). Statistically significant associations of HR\u2010HPV infection were found with risk factors such as high parity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.04), cervicitis\/hypertrophic cervix (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.01), unhealthy cervix (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.04), rural residence (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.03), low socioeconomic status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.01) and illiteracy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.07).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Although the sample size was small, based on the observation that HR\u2010HPV 16 and 18 contributed significantly to the overall HPV prevalence in our setting, we speculate that testing\/prophylaxis for these prevalent high\u2010risk types could perhaps make cervical cancer screening and preventive programmes cost\u2010effective. Larger community\u2010based studies on HPV prevalence and persistence are required to validate these findings before definitive recommendations can be made to the policy makers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2008.00611.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,11]],"date-time":"2009-07-11T19:03:18Z","timestamp":1247338998000},"page":"249-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence of high\u2010risk human papillomavirus type 16\/18 infection among women with normal cytology: risk factor analysis and implications for screening and prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sodhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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