{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:20:54Z","timestamp":1792686054751,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,15]],"date-time":"2004-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> Graves\u2019 disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, which can relapse in many patients after antithyroid drug treatment withdrawal. Several studies have been performed to predict the clinical course of GD in patients treated with antithyroid drugs, without conclusive results. The aim of this study was to define a set of easily achievable variables able to predict, as early as possible, the clinical outcome of GD after antithyroid therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> We studied 71 patients with GD treated with methimazole for 18\u00a0months: 27 of them achieved stable remission for at least 2\u00a0years after methimazole therapy withdrawal, whereas 44 patients relapsed. We used for the first time a perceptron\u2010like artificial neural network (ANN) approach to predict remission or relapse after methimazole withdrawal. Twenty\u2010seven variables obtained at diagnosis or during treatment were considered.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Among different combinations, we identified an optimal set of seven variables available at the time of diagnosis, whose combination was useful to efficiently predict the outcome of the disease following therapy withdrawal in approximately 80% of cases. This set consists of the following variables: heart rate, presence of thyroid bruits, psycological symptoms requiring psychotropic drugs, serum TGAb and fT4 levels at presentation, thyroid\u2010ultrasonography findings and cigarette smoking.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study reveals that perceptron\u2010like ANN is potentially a useful approach for GD\u2010management in choosing the most appropriate therapy schedule at the time of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01318.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,15]],"date-time":"2004-03-15T12:28:56Z","timestamp":1079353736000},"page":"210-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Use of an artificial neural network to predict Graves\u2019 disease outcome within 2\u00a0years of drug withdrawal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Orunesu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bagnasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Salmaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Altrinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Del Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pesce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Marugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. S.","family":"Mela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00558.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The management of hyperthyroidism due to Graves\u2019 disease in Europe in 1986: Results of an international survey","volume":"285","author":"Glinoer D","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Suppl.) (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-26-8-803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-3-563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-6-1241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Goitre size and outcome of medical treatment of Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"111","author":"Laurberg P","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"722","article-title":"Factors influencing the outcome of thyrostatic drug therapy in Graves\u2019disease","volume":"122","author":"Winsa B","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1987.04460100062026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"Prediction of outcome in Graves\u2019 disease after carbimazole treatment","volume":"59","author":"Weetman AP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.3.1038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.8.3540"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1999.12.4.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1984.tb03466.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"689","article-title":"Prospective multicenter study on the prediction of relapse after antithyroid drug treatment in patients with Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"120","author":"Schleusener H","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-58-2-332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.78.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1460173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.d01-1563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0455.2000.041001045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Thyroid Disease: Endocrinology, Surgery, Nuclear Medicine, and Radiotherap","author":"O'Donnel AL","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Evaluation of the 2nd generation radio\u2010receptional assay for anti\u2010TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Comparison with 1st generation and anti\u2010thyroperoxidase antibodies (AbTPO)","volume":"45","author":"Giovanella L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00235-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.74.5.1090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(88)80059-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","first-page":"465","volume-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","author":"Utiger RD","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","first-page":"531","volume-title":"The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text.","author":"Burch HB","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.21.2.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.12.4143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010415)91:8 <1615::AID-CNCR1175>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.1.90"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2362.2004.01318.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01318.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T17:36:04Z","timestamp":1697218564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01318.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01318.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01318.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2972","1365-2362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2972","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}