{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:54:18Z","timestamp":1789973658658,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]],"date-time":"2005-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> PAI\u20101, an important inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is increased in obese subjects and has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we investigated the association between circulating levels of PAI\u20101 and locally produced PAI\u20101 in adipose tissue and body fat distribution and adipokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, TNF receptors, IL\u20106, IL\u20108) in patients with and without HIV\u2010associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Eighteen men with HALS and 18 men with HIV but without HALS were investigated. DEXA and computed tomography scan were performed to determine total body fat and visceral adipose tissue mass. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the euglycaemic clamp technique. Plasma levels of PAI\u20101 and cytokines were determined. In addition, PAI\u20101, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 mRNA levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by real\u2010time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> HALS patients were characterized by a 3\u2010fold increased visceral adipose tissue (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001) and reduced limb fat (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b701) as compared with non\u2010HALS patients but with no difference in total fat mass between the groups. Plasma PAI\u20101 was increased in HALS patients (16\u00b77 ng mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs. 8\u00b72 ng mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705). Plasma PAI\u20101 was positively correlated with BMI (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b774, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b701), plasma TNF\u2010\u03b1 level (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b764, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a00\u00b701), sTNFR\u2010I (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b738, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705), and visceral fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0\u00b767, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b701). Moreover, plasma PAI\u20101 was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120\u00b757, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b701) and the percentage of limb fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120\u00b757, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b701). A positive correlation was found between plasma PAI\u20101 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 mRNA level. No association was, however, found between plasma PAI\u20101 and PAI\u20101 mRNA level in adipose tissue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Plasma PAI\u20101 is increased in HALS patients and it is suggested that dysregulation of the TNF\u2010system (high TNF\u03b1 and high sTNFR1) may play a role in up\u2010regulating PAI\u20101 in HALS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2005.01547.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]],"date-time":"2005-08-26T10:21:59Z","timestamp":1125051719000},"page":"583-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI\u20101) in plasma and adipose tissue in HIV\u2010associated lipodystrophy syndrome. Implications of adipokines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. B.","family":"Haugaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Lihn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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