{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:18:51Z","timestamp":1760188731012},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,8]],"date-time":"2006-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> We aimed to investigate whether the insulin precursors, intact (IP) and 32\u201333\u00a0split proinsulin (SP), which are elevated in states of insulin resistance and predict type\u00a02 diabetes, would be elevated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected patients with lipodystrophy (LIPO).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010three normoglycaemic HIV\u2010infected patients [18 LIPO and 18 without lipodystrophy (NONLIPO) receiving antiretroviral drugs, and seven patients na\u00efve to antiretroviral drugs (NA\u00cfVE)] were examined. Insulin precursors were measured during fasting, during an intravenous glucose tolerance test and during a hyperinsulinaemic\u2013euglycaemic clamp, respectively. Insulin secretion rates (ISR) were determined by deconvolution of C\u2010peptide concentrations. Disposition index (DI) was calculated as insulin sensitivity (Si<jats:sub>RD<\/jats:sub>) multiplied by the first\u2010phase insulin response to intravenous glucose.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> LIPO exhibited increased fasting IP and SP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705), a higher proportion of elevated fasting IP (3\u00b71\u00a0pmol\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 66%\u00a0vs.\u00a033% and 28%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705) and SP (7\u00b72\u00a0pmol\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 50%, 11% and 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b701), reduced Si<jats:sub>RD<\/jats:sub> (&gt;\u00a050%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) and increased ISR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) compared with NONLIPO and NA\u00cfVE. Fasting SP and IP correlated positively with ISR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) and inversely and hyperbolically with Si<jats:sub>RD<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001). Fasting SP\/insulin ratio correlated inversely with Si<jats:sub>RD<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705). Incremental IP\u00a0+\u00a0SP\/insulin ratio after an intravenous glucose bolus correlated inversely with DI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b701), but did not differ between study groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Proinsulin appeared to be increased in HIV\u2010lipodystrophy, but no more than caused by the increased ISR. Nevertheless, the inverse correlations between SP\/insulin ratio versus Si<jats:sub>RD<\/jats:sub> and incremental total proinsulin\/insulin ratio versus DI may argue for a subtle \u03b2\u2010cell dysfunction in those patients with insulin resistance and low DI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01640.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,8]],"date-time":"2006-05-08T17:03:35Z","timestamp":1147107815000},"page":"436-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hyperproinsulinaemia in normoglycaemic lipodystrophic HIV\u2010infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"S. B.","family":"Haugaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. N.","family":"Hales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Halsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Rosenfalck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Madsbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400828"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400840"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.11.1725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.44.4.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0995-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.2.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00276853"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.42.7.1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13802-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020794"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12656-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200110190-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200012010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001070-00005","article-title":"Fat distribution evaluated by computed tomography and metabolic abnormalities in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy: preliminary results of the LIPOCO study","volume":"14","author":"Saint\u2010Marc T","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200111090-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01835"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00009.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00201-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04056-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.3.655","article-title":"Proposal for standardizing direct\u2010reading bio\u2010sensors for blood glucose","volume":"44","author":"Fogh\u2010Andersen N","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2600535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90204-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.11.1663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(96)01755-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199809)15:9<739::AID-DIA644>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.6.2068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.3.1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-1009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-5-2418"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.937"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.4.918"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2362.2006.01640.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01640.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T06:32:49Z","timestamp":1697178769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01640.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01640.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01640.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2972","1365-2362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2972","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,8]]}}}