{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T20:59:58Z","timestamp":1794344398381,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,4]],"date-time":"2012-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Eur J Clin Invest 2012<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> Activin\u2010A is a molecule of the TGF superfamily, implicated in liver fibrosis, regeneration and stem cell differentiation. However, data on activins in liver diseases are few. We therefore studied serum levels of activin\u2010A in chronic liver diseases. To identify the origin of activin\u2010A, levels in the hepatic vein were also estimated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Nineteen controls and 162 patients participated in the study: 39 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC: 19 viral associated and 20 alcohol associated), 18 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 47 with primary biliary cirrhosis (26 PBC stage I\u2013II and 21 stage IV), 22 with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC, hepatic vein blood available in 16), 20 with HCV cirrhosis (hepatic vein blood available in 18) and 16 patients with alcoholic fatty liver with mild to moderate fibrosis but no cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Activin\u2010A levels were significantly increased (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20030\u00b7001) in serum of patients with AC (median 673\u2003pg\/mL, range 449\u20133279), compared with either controls (149\u2003pg\/mL, 91\u2013193) or patients with viral cirrhosis (189\u2003pg\/mL, 81\u2013480), CHC (142\u2003pg\/mL, 65\u2013559) PBC stage I\u2013II (100\u2003pg\/mL, 59\u2013597) and PBC stage IV (104\u2003pg\/mL, 81\u2013579). Only patients with AC\u2010associated HCC had significantly increased levels of activin\u2010A (2403\u2003pg\/mL, 1561\u20137220\u2003pg\/mL). Activin\u2010A serum levels could accurately discriminate AC from cirrhosis of other aetiologies and noncirrhotic alcoholic fatty liver with fibrosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Increased serum levels of activin\u2010A only in patients with alcohol\u2010related cirrhosis or HCC suggest a possible role of this molecule in the pathophysiology of AC. Further research is warranted to elucidate its role during the profibrotic process and its possible clinical applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2012.02647.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]],"date-time":"2012-01-18T22:26:30Z","timestamp":1326925590000},"page":"815-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Increased serum activin\u2010A differentiates alcoholic from cirrhosis of other 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