{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:10:57Z","timestamp":1762351857892,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,28]],"date-time":"2006-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5444,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Soil Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"abstract":"SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n \n Ammonia losses after surface application of fresh chicken slurry (15% solids) and anaer\u2010obically stored chicken slurry (10% solids) to a silty clay soil (pH 6.9) at a rate equivalent to 34 m\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n ha\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n were studied in a laboratory incubation experiment. Total NH\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010N losses amounted to 29% of the initial uric acid\u2010N+urea\u2010N+NH\n +<\/jats:sup>\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010N content of the fresh slurry and 28% of the initial NH\n +<\/jats:sup>\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010N content of the anaerobic slurry. Peak rates of ammonia volatilization took place between 24 h and 48 h after application of the fresh slurry and within 5 h of application of the anaerobic slurry. The addition of CaCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n at a rate of 36 mg Ca g\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n (dry wt) slurry decreased peak rates of ammonia volatilization from the fresh slurry by 73% and total losses by 37%. The decrease in total ammonia losses through CaCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n addition to the anaerobic slurry was only 8 %. The addition of CaCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n decreased CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n output from both slurries through precipitation of HCO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n as CaCO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n , thereby removing a source of alkalinity from the solution. The failure of the CaCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n addition to decrease significantly ammonia losses from the anaerobic slurry suggested that HCO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n was an important source of alkalinity driving ammonia volatilization in the fresh slurry, but not in the anaerobic slurry.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n CaCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , addition did not affect urea hydrolysis, nor net nitrogen mineralization. The decrease in ammonia loss achieved through CaCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n addition was however not associated with a parallel increase in ammonium concentrations in the soil. Further experiments showed that the ammonia retained by the CaCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , was probably fixed by the soil and rendered non\u2010extractable by KCl.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1991.tb00415.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,29]],"date-time":"2006-07-29T06:11:05Z","timestamp":1154153465000},"page":"369-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Use of CaCl\n 2<\/sub>\n to decrease ammonia volatilization after application of fresh and anaerobic chicken slurry to soil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"WITTER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(87)90154-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00469001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2134\/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c34","volume-title":"Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties","author":"Bremner J.M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1978.03615995004200020032x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1981.03615995004500060023x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1991.03615995005500020036x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(89)90145-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"A laboratory study of ammonia volatilization from cattle and pig slurry","volume":"22","author":"Molloy S. P.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Kruse M. ApSimon H. M.&Bell J. N.B.1987.An Emissions Inventory for Ammonia arising from Agriculture in Great Britain. Centre for Environment and Technology Imperial College of Science and Technology London."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02118615"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02220694"}],"container-title":["Journal of Soil Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2389.1991.tb00415.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1991.tb00415.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:20:53Z","timestamp":1761870053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1991.tb00415.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1991.tb00415.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1991.tb00415.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4588"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-4588"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}}}