{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:41:16Z","timestamp":1783406476526,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6144,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geophysical Prospecting"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ground\u2010penetrating radar is a technique which offers a new way of viewing shallow soil and rock conditions. The need to better understanding overburden conditions for activities such as geochemical sampling, geotechnical investigations, and placer exploration, as well as the factors controlling groundwater flow, has generated an increasing demand for techniques which can image the subsurface with higher resolution than previously possible.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The areas of application for ground\u2010penetrating radar are diverse. The method has been used successfully to map ice thickness, water depth in lakes, bedrock depth, soil stratigraphy, and water table depth. It is also used to delineate rock fabric, detect voids and identify karst features. The effective application of the radar for the high\u2010resolution definition of soil stratigraphy and fractures in bedrock is highlighted.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The basic principles and practices involved in acquiring high quality radar data in the field are illustrated by selected case histories. One example demonstrates how radar has been used to map the bedrock and delineate soil horizons to a depth of more than 20 m. Two case histories show how radar has been used to map fractures and changes of rock type to 40 m range from inside a mine. Another case history demonstrates how radar has also been used to detect and map the extent of groundwater contamination. The corroboration of the radar results by borehole investigations demonstrates the power and utility of the high\u2010resolution radar method as an aid for interpolation and extrapolation of the information obtained with conventional coring programmes. With the advent of new instrumentation and field procedures, the routine application of the radar method is becoming economically viable and the method will see expanded use in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,28]],"date-time":"2006-04-28T23:02:25Z","timestamp":1146265345000},"page":"531-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1515,"title":["GROUND\u2010PENETRATING RADAR FOR HIGH\u2010RESOLUTION MAPPING OF SOIL AND ROCK STRATIGRAPHY<sup>1<\/sup>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"J. L.","family":"DAVIS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"ANNAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS011i004p00383"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Radar range analysis for geological materials","volume":"77","author":"Annan A. P.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Geological Survey of Canada"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Methodology for radar transillumination experiments","volume":"78","author":"Annan A. P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Geological Survey of Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1441584"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"236","volume-title":"Geophysical techniques for sensing buried wastes and waste migration","author":"Benson R. C.","year":"1984"},{"issue":"898","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Placer exploration using radar and seismic methods","volume":"80","author":"Davis J. L.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Canadian Institute of Mining Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"681","volume-title":"Surface and borehole ground\u2010penetrating radar surveys for mapping geological structure. National Water Well Associational\/Environmental Protection Agency Conference on Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods in Groundwater Investigations","author":"Davis J. L.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Proceedings of Engineering Foundations Conference on Subsurface Explorations for Underground Excavations and Heavy Construction","author":"Morey R. M.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Olhoeft G. R.1975.The electrical properties of permafrost.Unpublished Ph.D. thesis University of Toronto."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Crosshole investigations \u2010 results from borehole radar investigations","author":"Olsson O.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics","author":"Ramo S.","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/WR016i003p00574"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Ulruksen C. P. F.1982.Application of impulse radar to civil engineering.Unpublished Ph.D. thesis Department of Engineering Geology University of Technology Lund ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Dielectric Materials and Applications","author":"Hippel A. R.","year":"1954"}],"container-title":["Geophysical Prospecting"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T02:00:28Z","timestamp":1697940028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-8025","1365-2478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-8025","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-04-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}