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Trends in vegetation cover are interpreted within Budyko's energy \u2013 water limitation framework. Results from an Australia\u2010wide analysis indicate that vegetation cover (as described by the fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation; fPAR) has increased, on average, by 0.0007 per year \u2013 an increase of \u223c8% over the 26 years. The majority of this change is due to a 0.0010 per year increase in persistent fPAR (representing nondeciduous perennial vegetation types; up 21%). In contrast, recurrent fPAR (representing deciduous, annual and ephemeral vegetation types) decreased, on average, by 0.0003 per year (down 7%), the trends of which are highly seasonal. Over the same period, Australian average annual precipitation increased by 1.3\u2003mm\u2003yr<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> (up 7%). A site\u2010based analysis using 90 long\u2010term meteorological stations with minimal localized land\u2010cover changes showed that energy\u2010limited sites where total fPAR increased generally experienced decreases in precipitation, and water\u2010limited sites that experienced decreases in cover were almost always associated with decreases in precipitation. Interestingly, where vegetation cover increased at water\u2010limited sites, precipitation trends were variable indicating that this is not the only factor driving vegetation response. As Australia is a generally highly water\u2010limited environment, these findings indicate that the effective availability of water to plants has increased on average over the study period. Results also show that persistent vegetation types have benefited more than recurrent types from recent changes in growing conditions. Regardless of what has been driving these changes, the overall response of vegetation over the past 2\u20133 decades has resulted in an observable greening of the driest inhabited continent on Earth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01746.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]],"date-time":"2009-01-14T09:52:35Z","timestamp":1231926755000},"page":"1025-1039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":284,"title":["Climate\u2010related trends in Australian vegetation cover as inferred from satellite observations, 1981\u20132006"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"RANDALL J.","family":"DONOHUE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TIM R.","family":"McVICAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MICHAEL L.","family":"RODERICK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1984.00021962007600020029x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Atlas of Australian Resources (Vol. 6 Vegetation)","author":"AUSLIG","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Encyclopaedia of Hydrological Sciences","author":"Berry SL","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT01019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-822X.2002.00183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2004.00855.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"BOM(2006)Climate data: Australia CD\u2010ROM Version 2.2 December 2006. 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