{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:35:40Z","timestamp":1791081340729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,5]],"date-time":"2006-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Haemophilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.\u2002<\/jats:bold> The development of antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) in severely affected haemophilia A patients is a serious complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bypassing agents are used to treat acute bleeding episodes; however, elimination of the inhibitors can only be achieved with immune tolerance therapy (ITT) in 60\u201380% of cases. High responding (HR) inhibitors are more likely to respond to ITT if the titre is decreased to &lt;5\u2003BU over time or in selected cases after the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, plasmapheresis or immunoabsorption, techniques difficult to apply in children. Anti\u2010CD20 (rituximab), a monoclonal antibody, was given as an alternative treatment in two haemophilic children with HR inhibitors and impaired quality of life, due to recurrent haemarthrosis. Rituximab was given at the dose of 375\u2003mg\u2003m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, once weekly for four consecutive weeks. Both patients showed a partial response to rituximab reducing the inhibitor titre to &lt;5\u2003BU, thus facilitating ITT initiation; however, only the older patient eradicated the inhibitor within 21\u2003days after application of ITT. The second patient, despite depletion of B cells, did not respond to ITT. No long\u2010term side effects have been observed in both patients for a follow\u2010up period of 20 and 18\u2003months respectively. In conclusion, rituximab appears to be an alternative effective therapy to rapidly reduce or eliminate the inhibitor in selected cases of severely affected haemophiliacs before further proceeding to ITT. However, the dose and appropriate schedule, as well as long\u2010term side effects need further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01185.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,5]],"date-time":"2006-01-05T17:33:05Z","timestamp":1136482385000},"page":"95-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Rituximab in the treatment of high responding inhibitors in severe haemophilia A"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"MOSCHOVI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"ARONIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"TRIMIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"PLATOKOUKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"SALAVOURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"TZORTZATOU\u2010STATHOPOULOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200403000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2004.00950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200405001-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2516.2003.00781.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"Anti\u2010CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody in clinical practice","volume":"51","author":"Moschovi M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Clin Paediatr Univ Atheniensis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10947"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-4075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2005.01060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdg175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Life\u2010threatening complication of rituximab in a child","volume":"87","author":"Bader\u2010Meunier B","year":"2002","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200306263482619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2516.2003.00783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.5.1698","article-title":"Immune tolerance induction in hemophiliac patients with inhibitors: costly can be cheaper","volume":"96","author":"Colowick AB","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Haemophilia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01185.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T16:30:39Z","timestamp":1697214639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01185.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01185.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01185.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-8216","1365-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-8216","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2516","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}