{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:44:25Z","timestamp":1780368265564,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,20]],"date-time":"2006-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1145491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold> :\u2002To determine the extent of clonal outgrowth in the lymphocytic tissue infiltrate of lichen sclerosus (LS). The presence of T cells with a monoclonally rearranged T\u2010cell receptor \u03b3\u2010gene (TCR\u03b3) has been described in up to 50% of biopsies of vulvar and penile LS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and results<\/jats:bold> :\u2002We analysed 33 foreskin specimens with LS for the presence of clonal T cells by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and with TCR\u03b3\u2010PCR\u2010based fluorescent fragment analysis. Eighteen of 33 patients revealed a band indicating a monoclonally rearranged TCR\u03b3 on conventional PCR analysis. Subsequent TCR\u03b3\u2010PCR\u2010based fluorescent fragment analysis identified 8\/18 patients with monoclonal T\u2010cell DNA ranging from 1.4% to 23.1% of total T\u2010cell DNA analysed and a size range from 56 to 72 base pairs. Four of 18 patients had an oligoclonal and 6\/18 patients revealed a polyclonal banding pattern. The lymphocytic infiltrate contained low numbers of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and cytotoxic T cells in comparable numbers to the low percentage of clonal TCR\u03b3 DNA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> :\u2002The low percentage of clonal TCR\u03b3 DNA argues against a systemic neoplastic disease, but rather for a local immune disorder. The target antigen of the clonal outgrowth is unknown, but an exaggerated antigen\u2010dependent proliferation of T cells due to chronic local antigen exposure, probably an infectious antigen, is the most likely explanation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02406.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,20]],"date-time":"2006-04-20T15:38:04Z","timestamp":1145547484000},"page":"730-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Detailed analysis of the T\u2010cell lymphocytic infiltrate in penile lichen sclerosus: an immunohistochemical and molecular investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Regauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Beham\u2010Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08228-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64924-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Detection of clonal T\u2010cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement using fluorescent\u2010based PCR and automated high\u2010resolution capillary electrophoresis","volume":"6","author":"Luo V","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. 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