{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:25:14Z","timestamp":1790803514904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]],"date-time":"2008-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aims:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To undertake an immunohistochemical analysis of squamous elements in endometrioid proliferations of the uterus and ovary and to compare the immunophenotype of typical squamous elements and so\u2010called squamous morules.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods and results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Cases of uterine or ovarian endometrioid glandular lesions with squamous elements were stained with CDX2, \u03b2\u2010catenin, oestrogen receptor (ER), CD10, p63 and high\u2010molecular\u2010weight cytokeratin LP34. Thirteen cases had typical squamous elements and 18 cases morules. Morules typically exhibited diffuse nuclear CDX2 and \u03b2\u2010catenin immunoreactivity and were positive for CD10 and LP34. They were usually ER\u2013 and p63\u2013. In contrast, typical squamous elements were usually positive for ER, CD10, p63 and LP34. They were usually CDX2\u2013 or focally positive and exhibited no nuclear immunoreactivity for \u03b2\u2010catenin. Ten endometrioid carcinomas not exhibiting squamous differentiation were immunoreactive for CDX2; one was focally positive. Electron microscopy in two ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas with extensive morular differentiation showed that the morules exhibited epithelial features, but no overt evidence of squamous differentiation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Typical squamous elements and morules have an overlapping but differing immunophenotype. Morules exhibit no firm immunohistochemical or ultrastructural evidence of squamous differentiation, although immature squamous differentiation cannot be excluded. Nuclear \u03b2\u2010catenin positivity is in keeping with the observation that endometrioid glandular lesions with morules are often associated with <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010catenin<\/jats:italic> gene mutation. The explanation for diffuse nuclear positivity with the intestinal transcription factor CDX2 in morules is not clear, but may be a result of overexpression of nuclear \u03b2\u2010catenin. We suggest that the term morular metaplasia is used instead of squamous morules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2008.03083.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]],"date-time":"2008-07-22T17:27:49Z","timestamp":1216747669000},"page":"156-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Morules in endometrioid proliferations of the uterus and ovary consistently express the intestinal transcription factor CDX2"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Houghton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L E","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W G","family":"McCluggage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-26321-2_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911115)68:10<2293::AID-CNCR2820681032>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"391","volume-title":"Haines and Taylor obstetrical and gynaecological patholog","author":"Buckley CH","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000171001.87599.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.017996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/31.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.026237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00125480-200403000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36596-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.11.7340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.01.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200303000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pgp.0000101141.31270.a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-1100-CIAUMO","article-title":"CDX2 is a useful marker of intestinal type\u2010differentiation: a tissue microarray\u2010based study of 629 tumors from various sites","volume":"129","author":"De Lott LB","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. 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