{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:05:19Z","timestamp":1780103119799,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]],"date-time":"2009-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aims:\u00a0<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the work\u2010up of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) removed for vulvar pT1\u2013pT2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Inguinal lymphadenectomy yields metastases in only 30% of cases. Patients with missed inguinal disease, however, have a risk of dying from systemic disease. SLN dissections reduce morbidity, but work\u2010up should reliably identify metastatic disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods and results:\u00a0<\/jats:bold> All SLNs removed from 38 patients with pT1\u2013pT2 SCC and clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes were submitted for frozen section analysis. When negative, SLN were formalin\u2010fixed, sectioned entirely at 330\u2010\u03bcm intervals to produce three slides per millimetre [two haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) stained slides; one slide for immunohistochemistry]. If screening of H&amp;E\u2010stained sections was negative, all remaining slides were subjected to immunohistochemistry with an antibody to cytokeratin. Twenty\u2010five of 38 patients (66%) were pN0, 7\/38 (18%) had metastases on frozen sections\/H&amp;E stains. Immunohistochemistry detected micrometastases in two patients and single tumour cells and anucleate cell structures in four patients. In 12\/13 patients the SLN metastases, including all single\u2010cell deposits, were from lichen sclerosus (LS)\u2010associated SCC. Twelve of 13 patients with metastases had a pT2 SCC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u00a0<\/jats:bold> Micrometastases and single tumour cell deposits in SLNs are typical of LS\u2010associated vulvar SCC. Single tumour cell deposits in SNLs should be regarded as \u2018positive\u2019. Identification requires serial sectioning and immunohistochemical analysis of all removed SLNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03350.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]],"date-time":"2009-07-30T15:45:14Z","timestamp":1248968714000},"page":"174-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Histopathological work\u2010up and interpretation of sentinel lymph nodes removed for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Regauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"574","article-title":"Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy through separate groin incisions","volume":"58","author":"Hacker NF","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.5790"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2008.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(02)01895-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.2003.13304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(03)00130-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.0566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2003.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.15.2811"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5660"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"10","author":"Sobin LH","year":"2002","journal-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.7076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2004.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64924-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200408000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.0566"}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2559.2009.03350.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03350.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T15:07:58Z","timestamp":1697209678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03350.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03350.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03350.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-07-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}