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In this study, we characterized the factor responsible for this activity and examined the modulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010 and <jats:italic>Borrelia\u2003burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> outer surface protein (Osp)\u2010induced proliferation of naive murine B lymphocytes by an enriched fraction of this factor. The B\u2010lymphocyte inhibitory activity was destroyed by trypsin treatment, indicating that a proteinaceous factor was responsible for this activity. The removal of glutathione\u2010S\u2010transferase (GST) from tick salivary glands extracts (SGE) showed that this B\u2010cell inhibitory protein (BIP) was not a GST. Gel filtration liquid chromatography indicated that BIP has a native molecular weight of \u2248\u200a18\u2003000. An enrichment protocol, using a combination of anion\u2010exchange and reverse\u2010phase liquid chromatography, was established. BIP\u2010enriched fractions did not suppress T\u2010cell proliferation. Delayed addition of BIP\u2010enriched fractions, up to 7\u2003hr after LPS addition, inhibited the proliferation of isolated B cells. BIP\u2010enriched fractions dramatically inhibited both OspA\u2010 and OspC\u2010induced proliferation of isolated B cells. These results strongly suggest that BIP may facilitate <jats:italic>B.\u2003burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> transmission by preventing B\u2010cell activation, and also highlights the potential of BIP as a therapeutic agent in B\u2010cell maladies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01975.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,20]],"date-time":"2004-10-20T10:22:47Z","timestamp":1098267767000},"page":"401-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Characterization of the B\u2010cell inhibitory protein factor in <i>Ixodes\u2003ricinus<\/i> tick saliva: a potential role in enhanced <i>Borrelia\u2003burgdoferi<\/i> transmission"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Hannier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Liversidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan 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