{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:39:13Z","timestamp":1789011553585,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,12]],"date-time":"2006-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic infection by <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> results in establishment of fluid\u2010filled cysts (hydatid cysts) in liver or lungs of infected hosts, which can escape destruction by the host immune system for long periods. This study explores the modulation by hydatid cyst fluid of the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> human monocyte to dendritic cell (DC) transition induced by granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) and interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104). Addition of the fluid to adherent peripheral blood monocytes cultured in GM\u2010CSF\/IL\u20104 stimulates release of prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and IL\u20106. Exposure of differentiating DC to the fluid during the 7\u2010day culture in GM\u2010CSF\/IL\u20104 impairs their subsequent ability to secrete IL\u201012, IL\u20106 or PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. This inhibition is not dependent on the initial release of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The presence of hydatid cyst fluid also modulates the phenotype of the cells generated during culture, resulting in increased CD14 expression and decreased expression of CD1a. Finally, hydatid fluid can stimulate predifferentiated DC to mature, as evidenced by release of IL\u201012 and IL\u20106, and by up\u2010regulation of class II major histocompatibility complex and CD86. The possible role of dendritic cell modulation in regulating the host immune response to hydatid cysts is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02375.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,12]],"date-time":"2006-05-12T15:19:04Z","timestamp":1147447144000},"page":"271-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Modulation of dendritic cell differentiation and cytokine secretion by the hydatid cyst fluid of <i>Echinococcus granulosus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o H. 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