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This was investigated in two cross\u2010sectional studies of HIV patients who were immunodeficient when they began antiretroviral therapy (ART) and had stable increases in CD4 T\u2010cell counts. Blood leucocytes were assessed unstimulated or after stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV), anti\u2010CD3 or mitogen. IFN\u2010\u03b3 and interleukin (IL)\u20105 responses were initially assessed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent spot\u2010forming cell assay (ELISPOT) and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We then adopted a sensitive reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2013PCR) system to assess IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20105, IL\u20104 and IL\u20104\u03b42 (an inhibitory splice variant of IL\u20104) mRNA. The results were correlated with putative serological markers of a T1 [lymphocyte activation gene\u20103 (LAG\u20103), CD26] or a T2 [CD30, immunoglobulin E (IgE)] cytokine environment. IL\u20105 production and IgE levels were elevated in patients. IgE levels did not correlate with IFN\u2010\u03b3, but showed an inverse correlation with IL\u20105 released in culture (<jats:italic>P\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030\u00b705). The levels of IL\u20104, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20105 and IL\u20104\u03b42 mRNA were correlated after anti\u2010CD3 stimulation, where IL\u20105 was the best predictor of IFN\u2010\u03b3 mRNA (<jats:italic>P\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030\u00b7006). Weak positive correlations were evident between CD30 and cytokine mRNA levels, whilst IgE correlated inversely with IL\u20104, IL\u20104\u03b42, IL\u20105 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 mRNA levels. These analyses provide no evidence for an inverse relationship between T1 and T2 cytokine responses in HIV patients, but suggest that the elevation of IgE marks low cytokine responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02407.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]],"date-time":"2006-06-22T17:03:42Z","timestamp":1150995822000},"page":"74-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A T2 cytokine environment may not limit T1 responses in human immunodeficiency virus patients with a favourable response to antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niamh M.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew F. 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