{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:19:29Z","timestamp":1791317969773,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1171929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to describe a novel form of primary immune disorder characterized by circulating B cells with the exclusive transitional phenotype which fail to respond to CpG stimulation. The 12\u2010year\u2010old male patient suffered from recurrent bacterial infections since infancy. The immunological studies were based on extensive B cell immunophenotyping, humoral <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> response to different vaccine antigens, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> proliferation and immunoglobulin production after CpG stimulation. Sequence analysis for potentially candidate genes such as IRF8, MyD88, TLR9, T\u2010bet were performed. The patient's serum immunoglobulin levels and the specific antibody response to tetanus toxoid were normal, whereas that to polysaccharide antigens was severely impaired. Flow cytometric analysis showed that almost all patient's peripheral B cells had the transitional phenotype (CD24<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\u2003CD38<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\u2003CD27<jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>). Furthermore, the patient's B cells did not proliferate and failed to secrete immunoglobulins after <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> CpG stimulation. Sequence analysis for TLR9, MyD88, IRF8 and T\u2010bet showed no mutations. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a novel primary immunodeficiency mimicking the clinical phenotype of common variable immunodeficiency, with a peculiar immunological phenotype characterized by normal immunoglobulin serum levels, circulating B cells with the exclusive transitional phenotype unable to respond to CpG stimulation. This defines a novel form of primary immunodeficiency mimicking common variable immunodeficiency in the presence of normal immunoglobulin serum levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02556.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T10:35:05Z","timestamp":1171967705000},"page":"183-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A novel immunodeficiency characterized by the exclusive presence of transitional B cells unresponsive to 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