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The beneficial effects of BCG vaccine could be the result of either strengthening of pro\u2010inflammatory mechanisms, helping neonates to fight infections, or the induction of an immune\u2010regulatory network restricting overt inflammation and intense pathology. We aimed to study the effect of live BCG on the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to polarize T\u2010cell responses. Monocyte\u2010derived DCs were matured in the presence or absence of BCG. The DC phenotype was assessed by CD83 expression, interleukin\u201012 (IL\u201012) and IL\u201010 production, as well as for the ability to polarize T\u2010cell responses. Following stimulation with CD40 ligand, DCs matured in the presence of BCG showed enhanced IL\u201010 and diminished IL\u201012 production. These DCs primed naive T cells to develop into IL\u201010\u2010producing T cells, with no T helper 1 or T helper 2 bias. These results suggest that BCG vaccination might result in the development of IL\u201010\u2010producing DCs as well as IL\u201010\u2010producing T cells that could contribute to restricting overt inflammation in infants exposed to pathogens and thus lead to lower infant mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02575.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]],"date-time":"2007-03-20T08:00:25Z","timestamp":1174377625000},"page":"276-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["BCG stimulated dendritic cells induce an interleukin\u201010 producing T\u2010cell population with no T helper 1 or T helper 2 bias <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Jeppe","family":"Madura Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Stabell Benn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Fillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Van Der Kleij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Aaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Yazdanbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1635213100","article-title":"The primary mechanism of attenuation of bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin is a loss of secreted lytic function required for invasion of lung interstitial tissue","volume":"100","author":"Hsu T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.2.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7274.1435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000129693.81082.a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00181-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000231546.14749.ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-004-0357-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00721-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00086901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.2249","article-title":"Newborns develop a Th1\u2010type immune response to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin vaccination","volume":"163","author":"Marchant A","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"512","article-title":"Sequential production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to live bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin","volume":"86","author":"Sander B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6188-6195.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.8.5324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27702-1_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.9.4507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-004-0167-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","first-page":"48122","article-title":"A novel host\u2013parasite lipid cross\u2010talk. 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