{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:18:18Z","timestamp":1789654698129,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bacterial superantigen exotoxins of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic> are potent stimulators of polyclonal T\u2010cell proliferation. They are the causes of toxic shock syndrome but also induce CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> regulatory cells in the CD4 compartment. Several studies have recently described different forms of antigen\u2010induced regulatory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the context of inflammatory diseases and chronic viral infections. In this paper we show that bacterial superantigens are potent inducers of human regulatory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. We used four prototypic superantigens of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> (toxic shock syndrome toxin\u20101 and staphylococcal enterotoxin A) and <jats:italic>Str.\u00a0pyogenes<\/jats:italic> (streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A and K\/L). At concentrations below 1\u2003ng\/ml each toxin triggers concentration\u2010dependent T\u2010cell receptor V\u03b2\u2010specific expression of CD25 and FOXP3 on CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. This effect is independent of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell help but requires antigen\u2010presenting cells for maximum effect. The cells also express the activation\/regulatory markers cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen\u20104 and glucocorticoid\u2010induced tumour necrosis factor receptor\u2010related protein and skin homing adhesins CD103 and cutaneous lymphocyte\u2010associated antigen. Superantigen\u2010induced CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were as potent as freshly prepared naturally occurring CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> regulatory T cells in suppressing proliferation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003CD25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> T cells in response to anti\u2010CD3 stimulation. Although superantigen\u2010induced CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> express interleukin\u201010 and interferon\u2010\u03b3 their suppressive function is cell contact dependent. Our findings indicate that regulatory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells may be a feature of acute bacterial infections contributing to immune evasion by the microbe and disease pathogenesis. The presence and magnitude of regulatory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses may represent a novel biomarker in such infections. Superantigen\u2010induced regulatory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells also have therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03529.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,29]],"date-time":"2011-10-29T15:29:37Z","timestamp":1319902177000},"page":"158-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Induction of contact\u2010dependent CD8<sup>+<\/sup> regulatory T cells through stimulation with staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L. 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