{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:51:12Z","timestamp":1789732272868,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]],"date-time":"2006-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim\u2002<\/jats:bold> To clarify the mechanisms of inflammatory cell migration in human periapical granulomas by examining vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)\u2010producing cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methodology\u2002<\/jats:bold> Periapical tissues were obtained from patients during endodontic surgery and were divided into two portions. After fixing the tissues with acetone or 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate\u2010buffered saline, 5\u2010<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m\u2010thick paraffin or cryostat sections were prepared, respectively. The paraffin sections of the inflamed tissues were evaluated histologically with haematoxylin\u2013eosin stains. Cryostat sections of the tissue, diagnosed as periapical granulomas, were then examined by either immunohistochemistry using anti\u2010human VE\u2010cadherin or iNOS antibodies (Abs) for the characterization of infiltrating cells. In addition, co\u2010localization of VE\u2010cadherin and iNOS production was also analysed by two\u2010colour immunofluorescence image analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Endothelial cells were strongly stained with iNOS Abs. Macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and fibroblasts also exhibited iNOS production. These iNOS\u2010positive cells accumulated around the blood vessels. On the other hand, VE\u2010cadherin production was exhibited in only endothelial cells. Two\u2010colour immunofluorescence image analysis using VE\u2010cadherin and iNOS Abs demonstrated that iNOS\u2010producing endothelial cells also showed VE\u2010cadherin production.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Vascular endothelial\u2010cadherin produced by endothelial cells could be regulated by iNOS\u2010producing cells in periapical granulomas and might play a pivotal role in vascular permeability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01068.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]],"date-time":"2006-02-28T13:04:20Z","timestamp":1141131860000},"page":"179-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Co\u2010production of vascular endothelial cadherin and inducible nitric oxide synthase by endothelial cells in periapical granuloma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Hama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Takeichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"A role for inducible nitric oxide biosynthesis in the liver in inflammation and in the allogeneic immune response","volume":"120","author":"Billiar TR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/351714a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.6.1679"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/288373a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00546-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1989.tb00330.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.2.550","article-title":"L\u2010arginine is required for expression of the activated macrophage effector mechanism causing selective metabolic inhibition in target cells","volume":"138","author":"Hibbs Jr","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Biology of disease. 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