{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:17:24Z","timestamp":1791980244345,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]],"date-time":"2006-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim\u2002<\/jats:bold> To determine whether (i) proinflammatory cytokines stimulate prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) production and cyclooxygenase (COX) gene expression in dental pulp cells, and (ii) pulp cells that express different prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor (EP) isoforms and their activation by PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> leads to downstream Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methodology\u2002<\/jats:bold> Cultured human dental pulp cells were exposed to interleukin (IL)\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and tumour necrotic factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>). The expression of COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 was measured with reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). The production of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of prostaglandin EP receptor isoforms was studied by RT\u2010PCR, whereas fura\u20102 fluorescence was used to measure calcium mobilization. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test and Wilcoxon sum rank test with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Interleukin\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> stimulate PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production of human dental pulp cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> stimulated the COX\u20102 but not COX\u20101 mRNA expression. Pulp cells express mainly EP2, EP3 and EP1 receptors as analysed by RT\u2010PCR. PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (0.25\u20132\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>mol\u2003L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) stimulated the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> mobilization as indicated by increase in fura\u20102 fluorescence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Interleukin\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> may stimulate PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production in dental pulp cells. Activation of prostaglandin EP receptors in dental pulp cells by PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may induce Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling to regulate cellular biological activity during inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01156.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]],"date-time":"2006-08-14T13:32:01Z","timestamp":1155562321000},"page":"819-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Cytokine\u2010induced prostaglandin E<sub>2<\/sub> production and cyclooxygenase\u20102 expression in dental pulp cells: downstream calcium signalling via activation of prostaglandin EP 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