{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:55:14Z","timestamp":1793321714430,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    (i) To investigate the effects of study characteristics on the reported success rates of secondary root canal treatment (2\u00b0RCT or root canal retreatment); and (ii) to investigate the effects of clinical factors on the success of 2\u00b0RCT.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methodology\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Longitudinal human clinical studies investigating outcome of 2\u00b0RCT which were published upto the end of 2006 were identified electronically (MEDLINE and Cochrane database 1966\u20132006 Dec, week 4). Four journals (\n                    <jats:italic>Dental Traumatology, International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Endodontics Radiology<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), bibliographies of all relevant papers and review articles were hand\u2010searched. Two reviewers (Y\u2010LN, KG) independently assessed and selected the studies based on specified inclusion criteria and extracted the data onto a pre\u2010designed proforma, independently. The criteria were: (i) Clinical studies on 2\u00b0RCT; (ii) Stratified analyses available for 2\u00b0RCT where 1\u00b0RCT data included; (iii) Sample size given and larger than 10; (iv) At least 6\u2010month post\u2010operative review; (v) Success based on clinical and\/or radiographic criteria (\n                    <jats:italic>strict\u2003=\u2003absence of apical radiolucency; loose\u2003=\u2003reduction in size of radiolucency<\/jats:italic>\n                    ); and (vi) Overall success rate given or could be calculated from the raw data.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Three strands of evidence or analyses were used to triangulate a consensus view. The reported findings from individual studies, including those excluded for quantitative analysis, were utilized for the intuitive synthesis which constituted the first strand of evidence. Secondly, the pooled weighted success rates by each study characteristic and potential prognostic factor were estimated using the random effect model. Thirdly, the effects of study characteristics and prognostic factors (expressed as odds ratios) on success rates were estimated using fixed and random effects meta\u2010analysis with DerSimonean and Laird\u2019s methods. Meta\u2010regression models were used to explore potential sources of statistical heterogeneity. Study characteristics considered in the meta\u2010regression analyses were: decade of publication, study\u2010specific criteria for success (radiographic, combined radiographic &amp; clinical), unit of outcome measure (tooth, root), duration after treatment when assessing success (\u2018at least 4\u2003years\u2019 or \u2018&lt;4\u2003years\u2019), geographic location of the study (North American, Scandinavian, other countries), and qualification of the operator (undergraduate students, postgraduate students, general dental practitioners, specialist or mixed group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Of the 40 papers identified, 17 studies published between 1961 and 2005 were included; none were published in 2006. The majority of studies were retrospective (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200312) and only five prospective. The pooled weighted success rate of 2\u00b0RCT judged by complete healing was 76.7% (95% CI 73.6%, 89.6%) and by incomplete healing, 77.2% (95% CI 61.1%, 88.1%). The success rates by \u2018decade of publication\u2019 and \u2018geographic location of study\u2019 were not significantly different at the 5% level. Eighteen clinical factors had been investigated in various combinations in previous studies. The most frequently and thoroughly investigated were \u2018periapical status\u2019 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u200313), \u2018size of lesion\u2019 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20037), and \u2018apical extent of RF\u2019 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20035) which were found to be significant prognostic factors. The effect of different aspects of primary treatment history and re\u2010treatment procedures has been poorly tested.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The pooled estimated success rate of secondary root canal treatment was 77%. The presence of pre\u2010operative periapical lesion, apical extent of root filling and quality of coronal restoration proved significant prognostic factors with concurrence between all three strands of evidence whilst the effects of 1\u00b0RCT history and 2\u00b0RCT protocol have been poorly investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01484.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T14:17:44Z","timestamp":1226413064000},"page":"1026-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":505,"title":["Outcome of secondary root canal treatment: a systematic review of the 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