{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:42:56Z","timestamp":1790908976854,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,10]],"date-time":"2011-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Borges RP, Sousa\u2010Neto MD, Versiani MA, Rached\u2010J\u00fanior FA, De\u2010Deus G, Miranda CES, P\u00e9cora JD.<\/jats:bold> Changes in the surface of four calcium silicate\u2010containing endodontic materials and an epoxy resin\u2010based sealer after a solubility test. <jats:italic>International Endodontic Journal<\/jats:italic>, <jats:bold>45<\/jats:bold>, 419\u2013428, 2012.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim\u2002<\/jats:bold> To compare the changes in the surface structure and elemental distribution, as well as the percentage of ion release, of four calcium silicate\u2010containing endodontic materials with a well\u2010established epoxy resin\u2010based sealer, submitted to a solubility test.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methodology\u2002<\/jats:bold> Solubility of AH Plus, iRoot SP, MTA Fillapex, Sealapex and MTA\u2010Angelus (MTA\u2010A) was tested according to ANSI\/ADA Specification 57. The deionized water used in the solubility test was submitted to atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine and quantify Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Ni<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and Pb<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ions release. In addition, the outer and inner surfaces of nonsubmitted and submitted samples of each material to the solubility test were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy\u2010dispersive spectroscopy (SEM\/EDX). Statistical analysis was performed by using one\u2010way <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> and Tukey\u2019s <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> tests (\u03b1\u2003=\u20030.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Solubility results, in percentage, sorted in an increasing order were \u22121.24\u2003\u00b1 0.19 (MTA\u2010A), 0.28 \u00b1 0.08 (AH Plus), 5.65\u2003\u00b1\u20030.80 (Sealapex), 14.89 \u00b1\u20030.73 (MTA Fillapex) and 20.64\u2003\u00b1\u20031.42 (iRoot SP). AH Plus and MTA\u2010A were statistically similar (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.05), but different from the other materials (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.05). High levels of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ion release were observed in all groups except AH Plus sealer. MTA\u2010A also had the highest release of Na<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ions. Zn<jats:sup>+2<\/jats:sup> ion release was observed only with AH Plus and Sealapex sealers. After the solubility test, all surfaces had morphological changes. The loss of matrix was evident and the filler particles were more distinguishable. EDX analysis displayed high levels of calcium and carbon at the surface of Sealapex, MTA Fillapex and iRoot SP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> AH Plus and MTA\u2010A were in accordance with ANSI\/ADA\u2019s requirements regarding solubility whilst iRoot SP, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex did not fulfil ANSI\/ADA\u2019s protocols. High levels of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ion release were observed in all materials except AH Plus. SEM\/EDX analysis revealed that all samples had morphological changes in both outer and inner surfaces after the solubility test. High levels of calcium and carbon were also observed at the surface of all materials except AH Plus and MTA\u2010A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01992.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,10]],"date-time":"2011-12-10T06:53:36Z","timestamp":1323500016000},"page":"419-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Changes in the surface of four calcium silicate\u2010containing endodontic materials and an epoxy resin\u2010based sealer after a solubility test"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"R. P.","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Sousa\u2010Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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