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They were then randomly distributed into six groups: G1, diode laser irradiation (2\u00a0W, 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a020\u00a0s); G2,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (100\u00a0mW, 60\u00a0s); G3,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with 3\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Endoprobe (100\u00a0mW, 60\u00a0s); G4, 30\u2010gauge syringe irrigation with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      l (60\u00a0s); G5, sonic agitation of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      l with the EndoActivator system (60\u00a0s); G6, 30\u2010gauge syringe irrigation with NaCl (60\u00a0s). The pattern of colonization was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The root canals were sampled by flushing with saline solution at baseline and after the treatments. The number of bacteria in each canal was determined by plate count. The presence and the absence of\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        .\u00a0faecalis\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      in root canals were also demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significant reduction in the bacterial population after all treatments (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , using both laser systems, and the sonic activated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      l irrigation were significantly more effective than diode irradiation and single\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      l irrigation in reducing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). High\u2010power diode laser and single\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      l irrigation had an equal antibacterial effect (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ndo\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ctivator system were more successful in reducing the root canal infection than the diode laser and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      l syringe irrigation alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2012.02120.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,27]],"date-time":"2012-07-27T11:18:27Z","timestamp":1343387907000},"page":"339-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Antimicrobial efficacy of a high\u2010power diode laser, photo\u2010activated disinfection, conventional and sonic activated irrigation during root canal treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Bago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Ple\u010dko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology University Hospital Centre Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gabri\u0107 Panduri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Schauperl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Baraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(87)80173-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81369-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2007.01344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2007.01244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1985.tb00416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"CaronG(2007)Cleaning efficiency of the apical millimeters of curved canals using three different modalities of irrigant activation: an SEM study(masters thesis). 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