{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:54:47Z","timestamp":1787014487600,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate nondestructively the percentage of 3\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n voids and marginal gaps in a pre\u2010defined interface volume of interest (\n VOI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) within root fillings produced by\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n hermafil\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n bturators with either a hydrophobic epoxy\u2010resin\u2010based sealer (\n AH P<\/jats:styled-content>\n lus) or a hydrophilic flowable calcium\u2010silicate sealer [mineral trioxide aggregate (\n MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n low].\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixteen single root canals from extracted premolar teeth were prepared with\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n ro\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n aper rotary instruments, randomly allocated into two groups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a08) and filled with size 30\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n hermafil\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n bturators in association with\n AH P<\/jats:styled-content>\n lus or\n MTA F<\/jats:styled-content>\n low sealers. The filled roots were stored at 37\u00a0\u00b0C in 5\u00a0mL of\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n ank's balanced salt solution (\n HBSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) used to represent body fluids and scanned after 7\u00a0days and 6\u00a0months using a high\u2010resolution micro\u2010\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n . From each root, images of 3000 sections were analysed in 3\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n and binarized using a high\u2010resolution micro\u2010\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n (4\u2010\u03bc resolution). The 3\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n distribution of voids (porosity and marginal gaps) at the gutta\u2010percha\u2010sealer\u2010dentine interface was detected through a threshold grey level and expressed as percentage of the 40\u2010\u03bc\u2010thick pre\u2010defined interface\n VOI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (20\u00a0\u03bc of interface dentine and 20\u00a0\u03bc of gutta\u2010percha\/sealer). A method of analysis based on the root canal segmentation was used, and coronal, middle and apical thirds considered separately. The percentage of 3\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n void volume was compared statistically using one\u2010way\n anova<\/jats:sc>\n (significance for\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). Environmental\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n canning\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n lectron\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n icroscope with\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nergy\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n ispersive\n X<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010ray (\n ESEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EDX<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) analysis was performed on the surface of both sealers after soaking in\n HBSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Micro\u2010\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n detected gaps at the dentine\u2010sealer interface in both groups. Void volumes wider than 10.21\u00a0\u03bcm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n with 1.35\u00a0\u03bcm\u00a0diameter were detected. Cul\u2010de\u2010sac\u2010type voids (blind pores) and through\u2010and\u2010through voids (continuous pores) were discriminated. The apical thirds had a significantly lower 3\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n void volume (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) than the middle and coronal thirds. The 3\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n void volume reduced significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) over time.\n ESEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EDX<\/jats:styled-content>\n analysis revealed that\n MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\n Flow sealer created a dense apatite layer after 7\u00a0days of immersion in\n HBSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , whilst only sparse calcium phosphate deposits were detected on\n AH P<\/jats:styled-content>\n lus even after 28\u00a0days.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Micro\u2010\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n proved to be a powerful nondestructive 3\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n analysis tool for visualizing the porous internal microstructure of dental\/endodontic materials at the interface with dentine. The proportion of voids was least in the apical third of root canals. Voids reduced over time in the presence of simulated body fluid.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2012.02124.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T06:16:42Z","timestamp":1349677002000},"page":"253-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["3\n D<\/scp>\n micro\u2010\n CT<\/scp>\n analysis of the interface voids associated with\n T<\/scp>\n hermafil root fillings used with\n AH P<\/scp>\n lus or a flowable\n MTA<\/scp>\n sealer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"M. G.","family":"Gandolfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Department of Odontostomatological Science University of Bologna Bologna Italy Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"Parrilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Department of Odontostomatological Science University of Bologna Bologna Italy Italy"},{"name":"Endodontic Clinical Section, Department of Odontostomatological Science University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. M. 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