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Testis position in developing males is defined by sexual dimorphic differentiation of two gonadal ligaments, gubernaculum and cranial suspensory ligament. Recent transgenic mouse studies identified testicular hormone insulin\u2010like 3 (INSL3), and its receptor, GREAT\/LGR8, as the critical regulators of the gubernacular differentiation. Mutation analysis of the two genes in patients with undescended testis revealed functionally deleterious mutations, which may be responsible for the abnormal phenotype in some of the patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2004.00481.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,17]],"date-time":"2004-09-17T10:58:48Z","timestamp":1095418728000},"page":"257-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Insulin\u2010like 3 signalling in testicular descent"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Adham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Agoulnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.16.2.0772","article-title":"The overexpression of the insl3 in female mice causes descent of the ovaries","volume":"16","author":"Adham I. 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