{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:28:12Z","timestamp":1791077292433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,31]],"date-time":"2005-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concern has arisen over human exposures to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RFEMR), including a recent report indicating that regular mobile phone use can negatively impact upon human semen quality. These effects would be particularly serious if the biological effects of RFEMR included the induction of DNA damage in male germ cells. In this study, mice were exposed to 900\u2003MHz RFEMR at a specific absorption rate of approximately 90\u2003mW\/kg inside a waveguide for 7\u2003days at 12\u2003h per day. Following exposure, DNA damage to caudal epididymal spermatozoa was assessed by quantitative PCR (QPCR) as well as alkaline and pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis. The treated mice were overtly normal and all assessment criteria, including sperm number, morphology and vitality were not significantly affected. Gel electrophoresis revealed no gross evidence of increased single\u2010 or double\u2010DNA strand breakage in spermatozoa taken from treated animals. However, a detailed analysis of DNA integrity using QPCR revealed statistically significant damage to both the mitochondrial genome (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) and the nuclear <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010globin locus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). This study suggests that while RFEMR does not have a dramatic impact on male germ cell development, a significant genotoxic effect on epididymal spermatozoa is evident and deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00531.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,24]],"date-time":"2005-05-24T09:57:13Z","timestamp":1116928633000},"page":"171-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Impact of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"R. 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