{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1768338034439,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]],"date-time":"2005-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pineal gland, through the rhythmic production of melatonin, seems to play an important role in the control of the reproductive function of many vertebrate species. In contrast, the effects of the pineal gland in humans and the relationship between gonadotropins and melatonin secretion are not yet clarified. On the basis of these considerations, the aim of the present study was to clarify whether melatonin serum concentrations were altered in males with different hypothalamo\u2010pituitary\u2013gonadal disturbances, in comparison to normal individuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We have studied 36 individuals divided into three groups according to their gonadotropin status: normals, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. They were submitted to blood sample withdrawal at 03.00, 11.00 and 19.00\u2003h for melatonin determination according to a radioimmunological method, without extraction of the sample.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results obtained in the present study suggest the existence of an interaction between the pituitary and the pineal gland. In fact, in the case of hypersecretion of gonadotropins, nocturnal melatonin release is reduced, while night melatonin secretion is increased in the opposite situation (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). Both these endocrine pathologies are characterized by a reduced sexual steroid secretion; for that reason, this reduction cannot be regarded as responsible for the two opposite dysfunctions of melatonin release.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, our study shows that darkness\u2010dependent release of melatonin in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is significantly higher in comparison with the healthy men, while it is significantly reduced in patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A strong significant negative correlation is also found between gonadotropins and melatonin release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00534.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,26]],"date-time":"2005-07-26T18:50:23Z","timestamp":1122403823000},"page":"234-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Altered melatonin secretion in hypogonadal men: clinical evidence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"PHILIP","family":"KUMANOV","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANALIA","family":"TOMOVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ALDO","family":"ISIDORI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MAURIZIO","family":"NORDIO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-66-1-242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1998.tb00383.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.2.738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.4.1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.5.1882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1982.tb01623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Episodic nyctohemeral secretion of melatonin in adult humans: lack of relation with LH pulsatile pattern","volume":"122","author":"De Leiva A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinologica (Copenhagen)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.9.1703","article-title":"Direct radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry compared for determination of melatonin in plasma","volume":"29","author":"Fraser S.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513598709030678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.10.3203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.7.2144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.2.770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.2881089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(99)00105-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(95)00172-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.77.6.1540"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Hypothetical feed\u2010back mechanism between gonadotropins and melatonin: clinical evidence","volume":"15","author":"Nordio M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-45-4-768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.5.1877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(98)00029-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1370048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(87)90044-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899808999391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.6.2137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Neuroendocrine changes characteristic of sexual maturation","volume":"21","author":"Sizonenko P. 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