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Anaesthetized male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were subjected to testicular torsion\u2010induced ischaemia, followed by reperfusion (TI\/R). Immediately after detorsion, randomized animals, including SHAM, received intraperitoneal injections of: (i) vehicle (1\u2003mL\/kg 0.9% NaCl solution); (ii) PDRN (8\u2003mg\/kg); (iii) DMPX (3,7\u2010dimethyl\u20101\u2010propargilxanthine, 0.1\u2003mg\/kg); or (iv) PDRN (8\u2003mg\/kg) + DMPX (0.1\u2003mg\/kg). Animals were euthanized at 1, 7 and 30\u2003days following reperfusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is normally associated with adenosine A2A receptor stimulation. After treatment, VEGF mRNA\/protein expression quantified by qPCR and Western blot, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor\u20101 (VEGFR1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA measured by qPCR, VEGF and VEGFR1 assessed using immunohistochemical methods, histological staining and spermatogenic activity were all analysed. Testis ischaemia\u2010reperfusion (TI\/R) injury caused increases in VEGF mRNA and protein, VEGFR1 and eNOS mRNA, histological damage and reduced spermatogenic activity. Immunostaining showed a lower expression of VEGF in germinal epithelial cells and a strong expression of VEGFR1 in Leydig cells after TI\/R. PDRN administration increased significantly VEGF message\/protein, VEGFR1 and eNOS message, decreased histological damage and ameliorated spermatogenic activity. PDRN might be useful in the management of testicular torsion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01194.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,9]],"date-time":"2011-06-09T01:15:24Z","timestamp":1307582124000},"page":"133-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide on the histological damage and the altered spermatogenesis induced by testicular ischaemia and reperfusion in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Minutoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Antonuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Squadrito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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