{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T05:10:48Z","timestamp":1794460248485,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]],"date-time":"2012-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Germ cell tumours (GCTs) most often arise in the gonads, but some develop extragonadally. The aim of this study was to examine gender\u2010 and race\u2010specific trends in incidence and survival of gonadal (GGCTs) and extragonadal GCTs (EGCTs) in the US from 1973 to 2007. We also examined the topographical distribution of EGCTs by race and gender. We estimated age\u2010specific and age\u2010standardized incidence rates and 5\u2010year relative survival rates (RSR) of GCTs using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program (SEER nine registries). GCTs and their topographical sites were identified using ICD\u2010O morphology and topography codes. Of 21\u2003170 GCTs among males, 5.7% were extragonadal (Whites 5.5%; Blacks 16.3%). Of 2093 GCTs among females, 39.3% were extragonadal (Whites, 36.9%; Blacks 51.0%). The incidence of GGCT was much higher among White (56.3\/1\u2003000\u2003000) than Black males (10.0\/1\u2003000\u2003000), while there was no difference in incidence between White and Black females (3.2\/1\u2003000\u2003000). The rates of EGCT among men and women of both races were similar (range:1.9\u20133.4\/1\u2003000\u2003000). The most frequent extragonadal sites were mediastinum among males and placenta among females. The 5\u2010year RSR of testicular GCT was higher among Whites (97%) than Blacks (90%), as was the 5\u2010year RSR of ovarian GCT (Whites, 92%; Blacks 85%). In general, the 5\u2010year RSRs of EGCTs were lower than the 5\u2010year RSRs of GGCTs. The different incidence trends of GGCTs and EGCTs and distinct age\u2010specific incidence patterns by anatomical site of EGCTs suggest that GGCTs and EGCTs may have different aetiologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01245.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]],"date-time":"2012-02-09T23:26:46Z","timestamp":1328830006000},"page":"616-625","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumours in the United States, 1973\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Stang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Trabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Wentzensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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