{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:01:13Z","timestamp":1793638873343,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]],"date-time":"2007-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiogenesis is critical for the growth and metastatic spread of tumours. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent inducer of neovasculature, and its increased expression has been related to a worse clinical outcome in many diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between VEGF, its receptors (VEGFR\u20101 and VEGFR\u20102) and microvessel density (MVD) in thyroid diseases. Immunostaining for VEGF and VEGF receptors was performed in 66 specimens of thyroid tissue, comprising 17 multinodular goitre (MNG), 14 Graves\u2019 disease, 10 follicular adenoma, 8 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 7 papillary carcinoma and 10 normal thyroid specimens. Thyrocyte positivity for VEGF and VEGF receptors was scored 0\u20133. Immunohistochemistry for CD31, and CD34 on the same sections was performed to evaluate MVD. Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF in thyrocytes was positive in 92% of all the thyroid tissues studied. Using an immunostaining intensity cut off of 2, increased thyrocyte staining was seen in follicular adenoma specimens, MNG and normal thyroids compared with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves\u2019 disease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Similarly, VEGF thyrocyte expression in Graves\u2019 disease was less than other pathologies (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). VEGFR\u20101 expression and the average MVD score did not differ between the different thyroid pathologies. VEGF expression was lower in autoimmune pathologies compared to autonomous growth processes. Conversely, both VEGFR\u20101 and VEGFR\u20102 were widely expressed in benign and neoplastic thyroid disease, suggesting that the up\u2010regulation of VEGF and not its receptors occurs as tissue becomes autonomous. There was no clear relationship between MVD measurement and thyroid pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2007.00533.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]],"date-time":"2007-05-07T13:33:05Z","timestamp":1178544785000},"page":"271-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors expression and microvascular density in benign and malignant thyroid diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Ala'eddin","family":"Jebreel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Karsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Atkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/1-ip.2000.6548"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(96)80120-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.21.1603"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"4221","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular targeting of solid tumors","volume":"21","author":"Brekken R.A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65515-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"7284","article-title":"ZD6474, an orally available inhibitor of KDR tyrosine kinase activity, efficiently blocks oncogenic RET kinases","volume":"62","author":"Carlomagno F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000019811"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199801)184:1<53::AID-PATH6>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.1.01210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00238-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(97)00166-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-13-1-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"636","article-title":"Microvessel count: an indicator of poor outcome in medullary thyroid carcinoma but not in other types of thyroid carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Fontanini G.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mod. 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