{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:22:04Z","timestamp":1791314524597,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immune response induced by <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> is characterized by Th1 immune mechanisms. We previously demonstrated that C57BL\/6 mice infested with <jats:italic>Myocoptes musculinus<\/jats:italic> and infected with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> by intraperitoneal route undergo accelerated mortality according to Th2 immune mechanisms induced by the acarian. To evaluate whether infection with <jats:italic>M. musculinus<\/jats:italic> influences <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced Th1 response in a resistant mouse lineage, BALB\/c, which develops latent chronic toxoplasmosis in a way similar to that observed in immunocompetent humans, this study was done. The animals were infected with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> ME\u201049 strain 1\u2003month after <jats:italic>M. musculinus<\/jats:italic> infestation, being the survival and the immune response monitored. The double\u2010infected displayed higher mortality rate if compared with the mono\u2010infected mice. In addition, infection with <jats:italic>M. musculinus<\/jats:italic> changed the <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific immune response, converting BALB\/c host to a susceptible phenotype. Spleen cells had increased the levels of IL\u20104 in double\u2010infected mice. This alteration was associated with severe pneumonia, encephalitis and wasting condition. In addition, a higher tissue parasitism was observed in double\u2010infected animals. It can be concluded that infection with these two contrasting parasites, <jats:italic>M. musculinus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>, may convert an immunocompetent host into a susceptible one, and such a host will develop severe toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2007.00534.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]],"date-time":"2007-05-07T13:33:05Z","timestamp":1178544785000},"page":"325-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["BALB\/c mice resistant to Toxoplasma gondii infection proved to be highly susceptible when previously infected with Myocoptes musculinus fur mites"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"\u00c1urea","family":"Welter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Roberto","family":"Mineo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deise Aparecida","family":"De Oliveira Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine Vicente","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elo\u00edsa Am\u00e1lia","family":"Vieira Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Roque\u2010Barreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neide","family":"Maria da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383787a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Specific antibody\u2010dependent killing of Toxoplasma gondii by normal macrophages","volume":"26","author":"Anderson S.E.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin. 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