{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:39:32Z","timestamp":1780670372226,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]],"date-time":"2007-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1194912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a well\u2010characterized probiotic bacterium. Although genomic comparisons of EcN with the uropathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strain CFT073 revealed high degrees of similarity, EcN is generally considered a non\u2010pathogenic organism. However, as recent evidence suggests that EcN is capable of inducing inflammatory responses in host intestinal epithelial cells, we aimed to investigate potential pathogenic properties of EcN in an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> model using various germ\u2010free (GF) mouse strains. With the exception of C3H\/HeJZtm mice, which carry a defective toll\u2010like receptor (TLR)4\u2010allele, no lesions were obvious in mice of different strains orally inoculated with EcN for 1\u2003week, although organ cultures (blood, lung, mesenteric lymph node, pancreas, spleen, liver and kidney) tested positive to various degrees. C3H\/HeJZtm mice inoculated with EcN became clinically ill and the majority died or had to be euthanized. Organs of all gnotobiotic C3H\/HeJZtm mice were positive for EcN by culture; major histological findings were moderate to severe pyogranulomatous serositis, typhlitis and pancreatitis. Histological findings were corroborated by highly elevated tumour necrosis factor (TNF) serum levels. Lesions were not detected in specified pathogen free maintained C3H\/HeJZtm mice, GF C3H\/HeJ mice lacking the interleukin\u201010 gene, or GF C3H\/HeJZtm mice that were inoculated with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> K12 strain MG1655 as a control. In addition, mild histological lesions were detected in Ztm:NMRI mice 3\u2003months after oral inoculation with EcN. This study shows that EcN is capable of displaying a virulent phenotype in GF C3H\/HeJZtm mice. Whether this phenotype is linked to the bacterium\u2019s probiotic nature should be the focus of further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2007.00560.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]],"date-time":"2007-11-16T01:21:06Z","timestamp":1195176066000},"page":"45-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sensitivity to <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> Nissle 1917 in mice is dependent on environment and genetic background"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Andre","family":"Bleich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Sundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Smoczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Von Wasielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike F.","family":"De Buhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia M.","family":"Janus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwen","family":"Julga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sya N.","family":"Ukena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010J.","family":"Hedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gunzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519010070060901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.20.6061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(02)00007-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.788-794.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.3780060407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.5.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.6.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241258698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.2.722","article-title":"Neutralization of IL\u201010 increases survival in a murine model of Klebsiella pneumonia","volume":"155","author":"Greenberger M.J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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