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We developed a reproducible experimental murine model of pneumonic melioidosis induced by inhalation of aerosolized <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> 1026b. In a series of experiments performed to bracket the lethal dose, we found that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6 mice were modestly more resistant than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice (median lethal dose 334 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\/lung <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 204 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\/lung). We further characterized infection and pulmonary inflammation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6 mice infected with a sublethal dose. We observed pulmonary replication and dissemination of bacteria to distant organs in the first days after infection, followed by bacterial containment by day 4 and no evidence of recrudescent infection for up to 2\u00a0months. We measured a robust host inflammatory response notable for a neutrophilic bronchoalveolar lavage fluid profile, elevated cytokines and chemokines in the lung and serum and scattered foci of neutrophilic infiltrates in the alveoli and in a perivascular distribution on histological analysis. We previously noted a similar pattern of inflammation in mice infected with aerosolized <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0thailandensis<\/jats:italic>. This report builds on the limited literature describing experimental murine pneumonic melioidosis induced by aerosol and characterizes pulmonary infection and resultant inflammation in C57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6 mice infected with aerosolized <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. This model has utility for the study of bacterial and host factors that contribute to the virulence of melioidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2012.00842.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T05:16:17Z","timestamp":1444713377000},"page":"421-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Murine pulmonary infection and inflammation induced by inhalation of <i><scp>B<\/scp>urkholderia pseudomallei<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"T. 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