{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:12:26Z","timestamp":1778058746588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,4]],"date-time":"2006-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.\u2002<\/jats:bold><jats:bold> Background.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Maxillofacial fractures in children are rare when compared to those occurring in adults.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim.\u2002<\/jats:bold> To establish the incidence, pattern, and aetiology of maxillofacial fractures in children aged 15\u00a0years and below in Lagos, Nigeria.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design.\u2002<\/jats:bold> A review of patients with maxillofacial fractures aged 15\u00a0years and below seen and treated at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2004 was conducted.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Of the 225 patients with maxillofacial fractures seen within the study period, 37 (16\u00b74%) were children aged 15\u00a0years and below, with a male\u2010to\u2010female ratio of 1\u00b75 : 1. The highest incidence recorded was found within the age group 12\u201315\u00a0years (41%), with the lowest incidence occurring in the age group 0\u20135\u00a0years (27%). Multiple fractures were commoner in older patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00\u00b705), and in boys (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00\u00b705). There were no statistically significant relationships between the age of the patients, gender distribution, and mechanisms of injury. Road traffic crashes were the most common aetiological factor (64\u00b79%), with the mandible being the most involved facial bone (63\u00b78%). Majority of the mandibular fractures (33\u00b73%) were located in parasymphyseal region. Zygomatic complex fractures were the most common in the mid\u2010facial region. Most of the fractures (81\u00b71%) were immobilized by simple methods (arch bars, eyelet wires, acrylic splint with circum\u2010mandibular wiring) with or without intermaxillary fixation. Of the cases, 18\u00b79% were managed conservatively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion.\u2002<\/jats:bold> The incidence of facial fractures in this study was found to be higher than previously reported in Nigeria and worldwide, with almost two\u2010thirds of cases a result of road traffic crashes. There is a need to enforce legislation aimed at preventing road traffic crashes to reduce maxillofacial injuries in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263x.2006.00757.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,5]],"date-time":"2006-07-05T21:43:24Z","timestamp":1152135804000},"page":"358-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Pattern of paediatric maxillofacial fractures in Lagos, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M. 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