{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:44:13Z","timestamp":1793637853340,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 197\u2013206<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Despite the worldwide increasing interest in the prevalence studies of molar\u2013incisor hypomineralization (MIH), there is still insufficient evidence to verify the aetiological factors of this condition.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate risk factors involved in the development of MIH in a group of school\u2010aged Iraqi children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Seven\u2010 to nine\u2010year\u2010old school children (823 of 1000 eligible, response rate of 82.3%) had their first permanent molars and incisors evaluated using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry evaluation criteria for MIH. Mothers completed a medical history questionnaire\u2010based interview performed in the schools by a trained examiner.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    For children with MIH, 6% reported no relevant medical history; the remaining 94% reported various medical conditions putatively associated with MIH compared with 70% for the non\u2010affected group. Post\u2010natal medical conditions (33.3%) were most frequently reported. When data were split into the possible risk effect groups, maternal psychological stress (OR, 3.24), frequent exposure to ultrasonic scans during the last gestational trimester (OR, 2.51) and birth order as a fourth sibling or later (OR, 3.17 and 5.73, respectively) were previously unreported significant risk factors and postulated as contributing to, or causing the defect.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Children with MIH had experienced a greater number of medical conditions than their unaffected peers with no single health event identified as a risk factor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263x.2012.01244.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T04:51:46Z","timestamp":1338439906000},"page":"197-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Risk factors in the occurrence of molar\u2013incisor hypomineralization amongst a group of Iraqi children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"AGHAREED","family":"GHANIM","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DAVID","family":"MANTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DENISE","family":"BAILEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RODRIGO","family":"MARI\u00d1O","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MICHAEL","family":"MORGAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2004.31.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510375824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660091101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"266","article-title":"Cheese molars: a pilot study of the etiology of hypocalcifications in first permanent molars","volume":"62","author":"van Amerongen WE","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Molar incisor hypomineralization in a group of children and adolescents living in Dresden (Germany)","volume":"4","author":"Dietrich G","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Paed Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2007.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2009.01176.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03320821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23S","DOI":"10.33899\/rden.2005.163256","article-title":"Determination of fluoride, zinc and lead ions concentrations in primary teeth and drinking water and dental caries experience","volume":"6","author":"Al\u2010Dahan ZA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Al\u2013Rafidain Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2007.tb00116.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2007.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-2276(00)90001-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"110","article-title":"Judgement criteria for molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003","volume":"4","author":"Weerheijm K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","unstructured":"Stress doesn\u2019t always look stressful. 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