{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:21:30Z","timestamp":1790774490361,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,3]],"date-time":"2011-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:sc>van de mortel t.f., kermode s., progano t. &amp; sansoni j. (2012)<\/jats:sc>\n                      A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students.\n                      <jats:italic>Journal of Advanced Nursing<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>68<\/jats:bold>\n                      (3), 569\u2013579.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Aim.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      This paper reports a study examining the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students with the aim of informing undergraduate curricula.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Background.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      In comparison with registered nurses, physician status is a risk factor for non\u2010compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. Little research has been conducted to determine if differences between the professions in relation to hand hygiene are apparent at the undergraduate level. Cross\u2010disciplinary studies that may provide an insight into this topic are lacking.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      A questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 117 nursing and 119 medical students in a large university in Rome, Italy, to determine their hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices. The data were collected in 2007\u20132008.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Results.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      Nursing students\u2019 hand hygiene knowledge (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003=\u20039\u00b703(1,230);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003=\u20030\u00b7003), percentage compliance (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003=\u20036\u00b7197;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b7001) and self\u2010reported hand hygiene practices (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003=\u200334\u00b754(1,230);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b7001) were significantly higher than that of medical students. There were no statistically significant differences between hand hygiene beliefs. Mean scores on the knowledge questions were low for both groups, reflecting primarily a knowledge deficit in relation to the use of alcohol\u2010based hand rubs to decontaminate hands in the healthcare setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      Statistically significant disciplinary differences in hand hygiene knowledge and self\u2010reported practices were apparent among undergraduate Italian healthcare students. Further research is needed to determine the causative factors. The overall low scores on the knowledge items indicate that these students require further education on hand hygiene, particularly in relation to the use of alcohol\u2010based hand rubs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05758.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,4]],"date-time":"2011-07-04T10:22:41Z","timestamp":1309774961000},"page":"569-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Thea F.","family":"Van De Mortel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kermode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomaso","family":"Progano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julita","family":"Sansoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.04.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198106113042404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449808407422"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Health Behaviour and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice","author":"Baranowski T.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2007.02215.x"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guideline for hand hygiene in health care settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC\/SHEA\/APIC\/IDSA Hand Hygiene Taskforce","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/01623737001003071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047358"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Handwashing technique in a pediatric intensive care unit","volume":"141","author":"Donowitz L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1999.0705"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","volume-title":"Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach\u2019s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert\u2010Type Scales","author":"Gliem J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4404-4405.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"Designing and Analysing Questionnaires and Surveys: A Manual for Health Professionals and Administrators","author":"Jackson C.","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"A survey of student nurses\u2019 attitudes towards hand hygiene practice. 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