{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:12:19Z","timestamp":1791907939392,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>1.<\/jats:bold>\u2002A large number of migratory bird species appear to be declining as the result of climate change, but whether resident bird species have or will be adversely affected by climate change is less clear. We focus on the South Hills crossbill (<jats:italic>Loxia curvirostra<\/jats:italic>complex), which is endemic to about 70\u2003km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>of Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (<jats:italic>Pinus contorta latifolia<\/jats:italic>) forest in southern Idaho, USA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>2.<\/jats:bold>\u2002Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>3.<\/jats:bold>\u2002We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly\u2010leg mites<jats:italic>Knemidokoptes jamaicensis<\/jats:italic>), and the recent emergence of West Nile virus. Changes in adult apparent survival rate were closely associated with average spring and annual temperatures, and with high temperatures (\u226532\u2003\u00b0C) during summer, which have increased during the last decade. In contrast, there was little evidence that scaly\u2010leg mites or West Nile virus contributed to recent declines in adult survival.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>4.<\/jats:bold>\u2002The most probable mechanism causing the decline in adult survival and population size is a decrease in the availability of their primary food resource, seeds in serotinous pine cones. Cone production has declined with increasing annual temperatures, and these cones appear to be prematurely opening owing to increasingly hot summer conditions releasing their seeds and reducing the carrying capacity for crossbills later in the year.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>5.<\/jats:bold>\u2002In light of regional climate change forecasts, which include an increase in both annual temperature and hot days (&gt;32\u2003\u00b0C), and the likely disappearance of lodgepole pine from southern Idaho by the end of this century, additional research is needed to determine how to maintain lodgepole pine forests and their supply of seeds to conserve one of the few bird species endemic to the continental United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2011.01918.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T17:05:50Z","timestamp":1319043950000},"page":"352-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining as temperature increases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Leonard","family":"Santisteban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig W.","family":"Benkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Fetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0919-5_38"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35075554"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4087622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376580"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","article-title":"Variable resource availability when resource replenishment is constant: the coupling of predators and prey","author":"Benkman C.W.","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/cond.2009.080042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140050514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1642\/0004-8038(2006)123[345:PSFSRM]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198506492.001.0001","volume-title":"Introduction to Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations","author":"Buckland S.T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-7-71-2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"847","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Basis. 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