{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T01:44:43Z","timestamp":1775180683736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>1.<\/jats:bold>\u2002Many host\u2013pathogen systems show regular seasonal oscillations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>2.<\/jats:bold>\u2002Seasonal variation in mycoplasmal conjunctivitis prevalence in house finches is an example of such oscillations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>3.<\/jats:bold>\u2002An annual pulse of <jats:italic>Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\u2010na\u00efve juveniles increasing the number of susceptibles, seasonal changes in flocking behaviour increasing transmission rate and a gradual loss of resistance to reinfection with time are sufficient to model the observed seasonal variation in disease prevalence. Nevertheless, experiments are needed to test the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>4.<\/jats:bold>\u2002We carried out an 18\u2010month experiment with small groups of birds in large aviaries to test two hypotheses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>5.<\/jats:bold>\u2002To test the first hypothesis that an influx of na\u00efve juveniles in a group of recovered adults is sufficient to cause an outbreak, we added eight juveniles to a group of 11 adults that had recovered from an earlier infection. In all, three replicates juveniles became infected, but only after some of the adults relapsed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>6.<\/jats:bold>\u2002To test the second hypothesis that reintroduction of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0gallisepticum<\/jats:italic> into a multiage group of previously exposed but fully recovered house finches causes a new outbreak, we inoculated two birds in each group in March of the 2nd year. Contrary to what happens in the wild at that time disease prevalence increased rapidly after reintroduction of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>7.<\/jats:bold>\u2002We conclude that asymptomatic, recovered adults can initiate an epidemic and transmit <jats:italic>M.\u00a0gallisepticum<\/jats:italic> to na\u00efve house finches and that the reintroduction of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0gallisepticum<\/jats:italic> is sufficient to cause a new outbreak, even at a time of the year when mycoplasmal conjunctivitis is low in free\u2010living birds. Date, as such, seems to be less important to explain seasonal variation in conjunctivitis than the presence of na\u00efve juveniles or the introduction on <jats:italic>M.\u00a0gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>8.<\/jats:bold>\u2002Seasonality in outbreaks is most likely tightly linked to seasonal variation in bird movements and behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01986.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T13:06:33Z","timestamp":1335186393000},"page":"996-1003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Understanding the origin of seasonal epidemics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 A.","family":"Dhondt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"States","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keila V.","family":"Dhondt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel A.","family":"Schat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z04-050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8790.2004.00807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-006-0019-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.2.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8790.2004.00840.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802216629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1642\/0004-8038(2001)118[0327:DOCAMG]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2005.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2005.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2007)017[0154:SDPADP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.4.826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7233-070604R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-009-0269-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.2.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7403-062805R.1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2012.01986.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01986.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T18:19:27Z","timestamp":1695493167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01986.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01986.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01986.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8790","1365-2656"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8790","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2656","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]}}}